http://www.informationbible.com/profile-17830/govindam Govindam Business School offers Mba,Mba College,mca mca College,B school,Business school,Management College,Management institute,BBA,Bba College,Bca,Bca College,Mass Communication,Mass Communication College,Hotel Management,Hotel Management College . http://www.informationbible.com/article-get-admission-for-bba-program-india-312303.html Thu, 16 May 2013 13:00:00 GMT The course offers a complete education in business and management principles while allowing students to also select advanced courses in a specific concentration area such as international business, finance, real estate, computer information systems, marketing, or accounting. http://www.informationbible.com/article-top-business-school-in-india-304575.html Mon, 22 Apr 2013 13:00:00 GMT Most employers are looking for applicants who have already taken a business course and do not so much hire those who are simply poised to take it. http://www.informationbible.com/article-benefit-of-bba-and-mba-301708.html Mon, 15 Apr 2013 13:00:00 GMT There are large numbers of management institutes in India that provide both MBA and BBA courses. Usually admission to these institutes is done through a common entrance examination like CAT or MAT. http://www.informationbible.com/article-good-bba-colleges-in-india-298303.html Thu, 04 Apr 2013 13:00:00 GMT This is being seen more in the present age. And much of it is due to the present scenario in which management degrees are being given tremendous importance. http://www.informationbible.com/article-good-bca-colleges-in-india-298019.html Wed, 03 Apr 2013 13:00:00 GMT Computer application is one of the most rapidly developing subjects and there it is not very good to have a rigid framework of teaching which is not even enquiring about the developments. http://www.informationbible.com/article-admission-requirements-to-join-the-bca-course-296225.html Fri, 29 Mar 2013 13:00:00 GMT The admission procedure to Bachelors in Computer Application course is similar to the other Under Graduate Programs. It is important to read the instructions and follow by it accordingly. http://www.informationbible.com/article-introduction-about-bca-and-mca-296598.html Fri, 29 Mar 2013 13:00:00 GMT The number of available vacant seats for the MCA program will be limited in colleges. Due to this reason, the competition will be high at times. http://www.informationbible.com/article-after-12th-hotel-management-career-295157.html Mon, 25 Mar 2013 13:00:00 GMT Now days there are many fold increase in Restaurants and Hotels in many big and small cities all over of India. Which is still continue and will be bigger in future. http://www.informationbible.com/article-bba-college-and-mba-college-in-india-294791.html Sun, 24 Mar 2013 13:00:00 GMT BBA is a course, which trains the students from the very starting of his college life about the technicalities of the management processes. http://www.informationbible.com/article-ratio-analysis-is-the-process-293812.html Thu, 21 Mar 2013 13:00:00 GMT Ratio analysis is the process of determining and interpreting numerical relationship based on financial statements. It is the technique of interpretation of financial statements with the help of accounting ratios derived from the balance sheet and profit and loss account. http://www.informationbible.com/article-degree-in-hotel-management-290986.html Wed, 13 Mar 2013 13:00:00 GMT Are you excited by the possibility of working at a variety of places and in dozens of capacities? Has the Hotel management industry piqued your interest? http://www.informationbible.com/article-after-graduation-you-should-take-admission-in-management-290306.html Mon, 11 Mar 2013 13:00:00 GMT If you always look for the ways to improve your skills, get new knowledge, be a leader, you should obtain an MBA degree as it gives people like you the possibility and all necessary knowledge to be the best in what you do. http://www.informationbible.com/article-best-mass-communication-colleges-in-delhi-289795.html Fri, 08 Mar 2013 13:00:00 GMT Delhi is one of the most progressive states of the nation. Therefore, it focuses more on education and career building of the youth in its area. http://www.informationbible.com/article-earn-a-graduate-degree-in-management-288922.html Wed, 06 Mar 2013 13:00:00 GMT You can also earn a Master of Science degree in major subjects including accounting, business, education, marketing, nursing, management, healthcare, and technology. If you want to earn a master degree in specialized subjects, a wide array of advanced and specialized areas are offered for you. http://www.informationbible.com/article-admission-in-mba-colleges-in-india-288458.html Tue, 05 Mar 2013 13:00:00 GMT MBA Colleges in India offer creative courses like, fashion illustration besides courses in business economics like Advertising courses, Courses in Finance, Marketing and HR. http://www.informationbible.com/article-industrial-relations-system-285469.html Mon, 25 Feb 2013 13:00:00 GMT An industrial relations system consists of the whole gamut of relationships between employers and employees and employers which are managed by the means of conflict and cooperation. http://www.informationbible.com/article-importance-of-internal-branding-283691.html Wed, 20 Feb 2013 13:00:00 GMT Today branding has become an important part of management education in India. This has resulted as most of colleges and universities around the country have embraced a brand-strategy. http://www.informationbible.com/article-how-to-get-admission-in-business-school-in-india-283082.html Mon, 18 Feb 2013 13:00:00 GMT Even a few years back Delhi was called a dying city because there were not many opportunities to pursue. http://www.informationbible.com/article-admission-in-mba-and-bba-college-282795.html Sun, 17 Feb 2013 13:00:00 GMT As we know the Indian economy is growing at a pace of light, so as the demand for talent. Students who completed their MBA in the last few years have now been placed in multinational companies throughout the world. http://www.informationbible.com/article-importance-of-bba-in-india-281420.html Tue, 12 Feb 2013 13:00:00 GMT The B.B.A (Bachelor of Business Administration) program is organized in the way so that students can learn various basic business concepts and principles and after that, they can have experience in hand in the field-based projects as well as can apply both theory and logic to problem solving. http://www.informationbible.com/article-accounting-information-279514.html Wed, 06 Feb 2013 13:00:00 GMT Accounting provides information to managers. It provides the necessary data that is useful for managers to work in an organization. http://www.informationbible.com/article-importance-of-executive-mba-in-india-278670.html Sun, 03 Feb 2013 13:00:00 GMT The step you missed during you main educational phase again called you to add a spark to your career. http://www.informationbible.com/article-best-career-option-after-12th-in-bca-275560.html Wed, 23 Jan 2013 13:00:00 GMT BCA - Bachelor of Computer Application (3yrs program). This course offers students an opportunity to various areas of computer science, programming, database designing, software engineering and networking systems. http://www.informationbible.com/article-career-options-in-hotel-management-273082.html Wed, 16 Jan 2013 13:00:00 GMT The best hotel management courses consider this, and build evaluation procedures into their programmers. http://www.informationbible.com/article-easy-mba-admissions-in-delhi-272703.html Tue, 15 Jan 2013 13:00:00 GMT All India Council for Technical Education approved institute of Master of business administration in Delhi is the best option for a working person or a student who is looking forward to furthering his education in the field of business. http://www.informationbible.com/article-career-option-in-mba-269711.html Fri, 04 Jan 2013 13:00:00 GMT The correspondence MBA course examines the nature of small organizations and how they differ from larger organizations. In addition, the relationship to marketing is explored to reveal how small organizations manage to create value that promotes profitable exchanges leading to customer satisfactions http://www.informationbible.com/article-top-mass-communication-colleges-in-india-261953.html Mon, 03 Dec 2012 13:00:00 GMT Today, mass communication has evolved as one of the fastest growing and most in-demand skills all over the world. Gone are the days when most students went for medical and engineering courses. http://www.informationbible.com/article-business-management-colleges-india-258988.html Thu, 22 Nov 2012 13:00:00 GMT MBA is a post-graduate degree program that covers an entire gamut of functional areas like accounting, business management, economics, finance, human resources, e-business, global management, technology management, information system, marketing, operation management, risk management, and entrepreneu http://www.informationbible.com/article-best-career-option-in-mass-communication-257303.html Fri, 16 Nov 2012 13:00:00 GMT Today, mass communication has evolved as one of the fastest growing and most in-demand skills all over the world. http://www.informationbible.com/article-taking-admission-for-mba-program-254129.html Fri, 02 Nov 2012 13:00:00 GMT Today, student find MBA as a favorite course for a successful career. Many colleges in India offer a MBA course. Students can choose from numerous government and private colleges that offer admission for MBA program. http://www.informationbible.com/article-stages-of-crisis-190509.html Wed, 18 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT When managers are told of the critical situation, their job is to analyze it to determine if it has the potential to become serious. If managers are then comfortable with it and feel it will be resolved without any action on their part, they will not take any action. If, on the other hand, they http://www.informationbible.com/article-purpose-of-crisis-management-plan-190494.html Wed, 18 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT To enable respective administrative Ministries/Departments to draw-up their own contingency plans in line with Crisis Management Plan for countering cyber attacks and cyber terrorism, equip themselves suitably for implementation, implement, supervise implementation and ensure compliance among http://www.informationbible.com/article-best-business-school-crisis-management-191020.html Wed, 18 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Crises can come in various forms, and include events threatening an organisations reputation, image, programmes, assets, financial stability or the safety and security of its staff. In this last case, a crisis may be precipitated by a critical incident http://www.informationbible.com/article-purposes-of-crisis-management-plan-190812.html Wed, 18 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT To ensure that interruption or manipulations of critical functions/services in critical sector organizations are brief, infrequent and manageable and cause least possible damage http://www.informationbible.com/article-crisis-management-and-its-types-and-its-phases-190487.html Wed, 18 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT A crisis is an event that significantly disrupts normal operations, has caused or is likely to cause severe distress or have severe consequences for individual staff or organisations, and requires out of ordinary measures to restore order and normality, thus demanding immediate action from senior http://www.informationbible.com/article-top-business-school-crisis-communication-plan-190771.html Wed, 18 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT One of the first things you need to do following a crisis is determine the goal of your crisis response. Goals are often broad value statements that can help guide decision making for the business. For example, your goal might be to reduce the impact of the crisis on those affected. Another can be http://www.informationbible.com/article-top-bba-colleges-in-delhi-stages-of-crisis-190713.html Wed, 18 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT When managers are told of the critical situation, their job is to analyze it to determine if it has the potential to become serious. If managers are then comfortable with it and feel it will be resolved without any action on their part, they will not take any action http://www.informationbible.com/article-best-business-schools-types-of-different-crisis-190734.html Wed, 18 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT When an organisation's leadership knowingly puts its workers, consumers, investors, or the surrounding community at risk without being honest about that risk, two events is likely to occur. First, a breakdown in the system occurs, which often results in a crisis http://www.informationbible.com/article-limitations-of-crisis-management-190782.html Wed, 18 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT A Crisis Management Team (CMT) manages a crisis situation at headquarter (or regional) level. A CMT is activated when a critical incident or any other situation is determined to be a crisis by senior management. The composition and role of a CMT differs according to the type of crisis. http://www.informationbible.com/article-the-pre-crisis-stage-190828.html Wed, 18 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT When someone in an organisation discovers a critical situation, they usually bring it to the attention of their supervisors/managers. This is known as either the pre-crisis warning or precursor. At this point in time, the critical situation is known only inside the organisation and is not yet http://www.informationbible.com/article-competancy-mapping-190331.html Tue, 17 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Managerial (knowledge, attitudes, skills etc. required to plan, organise, mobilize and utilise various resources); l Human (knowledge, attitudes and skills required to motivate, utilise and develophuman resources); and l Conceptual (abilities to visualise the invisible, think at abstract levels and http://www.informationbible.com/article-strategic-human-resource-evaluation-190011.html Tue, 17 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Every day more organizations recognize that their people are a source of competitive advantage. As a result, HR departments are evolving from playing a merely administrative role to becoming "strategic partners" responsible for contributing to the achievement of business objectives. http://www.informationbible.com/article-top-management-college-the-costs-of-pollution-control-190455.html Tue, 17 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT One possibility is a cost-benefit analysis (401). We can assess the harm and benefits done to people by harming or benefiting the environment. Consider a company that pollutes twice as much to save 10,000 in production costs. If the harm done to society by doubling the http://www.informationbible.com/article-best-management-college-the-hr-function-190294.html Tue, 17 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Walker advocates the business process re-engineering the HR function first, then E-engineering the HR work. He suggests the formation of re-engineering teams of providers, customers and users to examine the whole range of HR activities - includingthose, which are not being done at present. http://www.informationbible.com/article-best-business-school-changing-environment-of-hrm-190315.html Tue, 17 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Changes are occurring today that are requiring human resource managers to play an increasingly central role in managing companies. These changes or trends include globalization, changes in the nature of work, and technology http://www.informationbible.com/article-the-ethics-of-environmental-protection-190442.html Tue, 17 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT First, it's in our interest to protect the environment in so far as we are human beings and we are often harmed by environmental damage and measures to protect the environment can benefit us all (400). Second, many people don't feel responsible for harming the environment because they don't p http://www.informationbible.com/article-agreement-void-where-both-parties-are-under-mistake-as-to-matter-of-fact-189800.html Mon, 16 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT An erroneous opinion as to the value of the things which forms the subject-matter of the agreement,is not be deemed a mistake as to a matter of fact. http://www.informationbible.com/article-what-agreements-are-contracts-189696.html Mon, 16 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT All agreements are contracts if they are made by the free consent of parties competent to contract, for a lawful consideration and with a lawful object, and are not hereby expressly declared to be voi http://www.informationbible.com/article-communication-189727.html Mon, 16 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Communication is a process that involves exchange of information, thoughts, ideas and channel used and the style of communication there can be various types of communication. http://www.informationbible.com/article-formal-communication-189756.html Mon, 16 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Formal communication occurs in formal and official style. Usually professional settings, corporate meetings, conferences undergoes in formal pattern. http://www.informationbible.com/article-communication-when-complete-189829.html Mon, 16 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The communication of a revocation is complete -as against the person who makes it, when it is put into a course of transmission to the person to whom it is mad http://www.informationbible.com/article-informal-communication-189758.html Mon, 16 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Informal communication is done using channels that are in contrast with formal communication channels. Its just a casual talk. It is established for societal affiliations of members in an organization and face-to-face discussions. It happens among friends and family. http://www.informationbible.com/article-best-management-colleges-in-delhi--industrial-relation-189736.html Mon, 16 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Industrial Relations are viewed as the “process by which people and their organisation interact at the place of work to establish the terms and conditions of employment. http://www.informationbible.com/article-agreements-189737.html Mon, 16 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Nothing herein contained shall affect any law in force in India, and not hereby expressly repealed, by which any contract is required to be made in writing or in the presence of witnesses, or any law relating to the registration of documents. http://www.informationbible.com/article-communication-and-its-types-189561.html Mon, 16 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Communication is a process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, feelings and emotions through speech, signals, writing, or behavior. In communication process, a sender (encoder) encodes a message and then using a medium/channel sends it to the receiver (decoder) who decodes the message. http://www.informationbible.com/article-types-of-communication-based-on-style-and-purpose-189743.html Mon, 16 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Based on the style of communication, there can be two broad categories of communication: formal and informal communication that have their own set of characteristic features. http://www.informationbible.com/article-types-of-communication-based-on-communication-channels-189741.html Mon, 16 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Based on the channels used for communicating, the process of communication can be broadly classified as verbal communication and non-verbal communication. Verbal communication includes written and oral communication whereas non-verbal communication includes body language, facial expressions and vis http://www.informationbible.com/article-indian-contract-act-1872-189681.html Mon, 16 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Extent, commencement - It extends to the whole of except the State of Jammu and Kashmir; and it shall come into force on the first day of September, 1872 http://www.informationbible.com/article-what-is-a-sound-mind-for-the-purposes-of-contracting-189749.html Mon, 16 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT A person is said to be of sound mind for the propose of making a contract, if, at the time when he makes it, he is capable of understanding it and of forming a rational judgement as to its effect upon his interest.A person who is usually of unsound mind, but occasionally of sound mind, may make a c http://www.informationbible.com/article-bsc-hotel-management-factors-affecting-industrial-relations-189751.html Mon, 16 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Industrial relations system of an organisation influenced by a variety of factors. a) Institutional factors:- are included items like state policy, labour laws, voluntary codes, collective bargaining, labour union etc. http://www.informationbible.com/article-consent-189768.html Mon, 16 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Consent is said to be so caused when it would not have been given but for the existence of such coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation, or mistake. http://www.informationbible.com/article-undue-influence-189774.html Mon, 16 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT A contract is said to be induced by "under influence" where the relations subsisting between the parties are such that one of the parties is in a position to dominate the will of the other and uses that position to obtain an unfair advantage over the other http://www.informationbible.com/article-fraud-defined-189778.html Mon, 16 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT "Fraud" means and includes any of the following acts committed by a party to a contract, or with his connivance, or by his agents, with intent to deceive another party thereto his agent, or to induce him to enter into the contract; http://www.informationbible.com/article-radio-broadcasting-189788.html Mon, 16 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Radio Broadcasting is the distribution of audio signals that transmit programs to an audience. There are wide varieties of broadcasting systems, all of which have different capabilities. It can vary from limited area coverage to national and can be used to transmit signals globally too, using retra http://www.informationbible.com/article-misrepresentation-189795.html Mon, 16 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT the positive assertion, in a manner not warranted by the information of the person making it, of that which is not true, though he believes it to be true; http://www.informationbible.com/article-voidability-of-agreements-without-free-consent-189799.html Mon, 16 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT When consent to an agreement is caused by coercion, [***] fraud or misrepresentation, the agreement is a contract voidable at the option of the party whose consent was so caused. http://www.informationbible.com/article-effect-of-mistake-as-to-law-189803.html Mon, 16 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT A contract is not voidable because it was caused by a mistake as to any law in force in India. http://www.informationbible.com/article-contract-caused-by-mistake-of-one-party-as-to-matter-of-fact-189810.html Mon, 16 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT A contract is not voidable merely because it was caused by one of the parties to it being under a mistake as to a matter of fact. http://www.informationbible.com/article-top-10-colleges-in-delhi-planned-organizational-change-189431.html Sun, 15 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Planned organisational change required a systematic process of movement from one conditions to another. Kurt Lewin is suggested that the efforts to bring about planned change in organisation should approach changes as multistage process. http://www.informationbible.com/article-advertising-and-its-characteristics-and-functions-and-scope-189430.html Sun, 15 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Consumer is the central point in every business. Now a days, attracting and satisfying customers is more difficult than producing the goods. For many products, many brands are available in the market. Every company wants to improve the market shares. Now, buyers dominate the market. Advertising is http://www.informationbible.com/article-top-management-colleges-in-delhi-organization-development-189434.html Sun, 15 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Process of OD Phases a) The diagnostic phase b) The intervention or action phase. c) The stabilization or process maintenance phase. http://www.informationbible.com/article-tcp-ip-versus-osi-model-189419.html Sun, 15 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT OSI reference model came into existence way before the TCP/IP model was created. Advance research project agency (ARPA) created an OSI reference model so that they could logically group the similarly working components of the network into various layers of the protocol. But after the advent of the http://www.informationbible.com/article-best-business-schools-in-delhi-organization-culture-189437.html Sun, 15 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Organisation Culture : “Culture is the set of important understandings that members of a community share in common . http://www.informationbible.com/article-determining-the-target-market-and-developing-advertising-program-189451.html Sun, 15 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Creating unique, novel, and selling ideas is known as creativity in advertisement. Advertising creativity is an art; it is the ability to generate fresh, original and unique idea in communicating with the target audience. Ad-creativity is the outcome of imaginative skills of copywriter, commercial http://www.informationbible.com/article-best-business-school-in-delhi-planned-organizational-change-189432.html Sun, 15 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Planned organisational change required a systematic process of movement from one conditions to another. http://www.informationbible.com/article-best-business-school-in-delhi-organizational-change-189429.html Sun, 15 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Change is the process of analyzing the past to elicit the present actions required for the future. It involves moving from a present state through a transition state to a future desired state. http://www.informationbible.com/article-best-business-school-in-delhi--organization-development-189433.html Sun, 15 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Organisation Development is an effort planned, organisation wide and manage from top to increase organizational effectiveness and health through planned interventions in the organization‟s processors using behavioural science knowledge. http://www.informationbible.com/article-top-management-college-in-delhi-organizational-development-intervention-189435.html Sun, 15 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT All person focused interventions focus an individuals working in organisation context person focus OD intervention classified in two ways. a) Participant active interventions b) Facilitators active interventions http://www.informationbible.com/article-top-management-college-in-delhi--change-agents-189436.html Sun, 15 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Change processes and change project have become major milestones in organizations history. http://www.informationbible.com/article-top-management-colleges-in-delhi-empowerment-189438.html Sun, 15 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Empowerment is a process of making the organisation responsive and flexible, providing a climate for continuous learning, developing a culture which values initiative, honesty and encouraging the employees to take more responsibility by working together. http://www.informationbible.com/article-top-bca-colleges-in-delhi--nagotiation-189439.html Sun, 15 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Write a short note on: 1. Conflict 2. Negotiations 3. Innovation http://www.informationbible.com/article-different-types-and-objectives-of-the-advertising-189440.html Sun, 15 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Objectives are those end points towards which every activity of an organisation is oriented. Without setting objectives it is very difficult to control and manage any activity. Setting the goal and objective is a starting point of management. http://www.informationbible.com/article-media-planning-and--strategy-189454.html Sun, 15 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Media plan decides how advertising time and space in various media will be used to achieve the advertising and marketing objective of the company. The basic goal of media plan is to find out that combination of media which enables the advertiser to communicate the ad-message in the most effective http://www.informationbible.com/article-broadcast-and-print-and-support-media-evaluation-189455.html Sun, 15 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Print media is also known as press advertising. It is one of the media of communication also with broadcast media and outdoor advertising media. http://www.informationbible.com/article-advertising-budget-and-various-steps-involved-in-budgeting-189456.html Sun, 15 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Quantitative expression of future plan of activities prepared for fix period of time. Advertising budget is a financial document that show the total amount to be spent on advertising and list the way this amount is to be allocated. Advertising budget shows how much is to be spent on promotional http://www.informationbible.com/article-methods-of-preparing-advertisement-budget-189457.html Sun, 15 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT advertisement budget is decided on the basis of marginal costs and marginal revenue of advertising. Marginal cost here means increment in advertising spending. Marginal revenue means increment revenue because of increase in advertising spending http://www.informationbible.com/article-best-management-colleges-in-delhi-network-software-189059.html Fri, 13 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Networking hardware typically refers to devices facilitating the use of a computer network. Typically, this includes gateways, routers, network bridges, switches, modem, hubs, repeaters, server, file server, workstation, network interface unit and transmission media. http://www.informationbible.com/article-top-10-colleges-in-delhi-network-software-188608.html Thu, 12 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) is a set of ANSI protocols for sending digital data over fiber optic cable. FDDI networks are token-passing (similar to IEEE 802.5 Token Ring protocol) and dual-ring networks. http://www.informationbible.com/article-gats-188633.html Thu, 12 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The General Agreement on Trade in Services has three elements: the main text containing general obligations and disciplines; annexes dealing with rules for specific sectors; and individual countries’ specific commitments to provide access to their markets, including indications of where http://www.informationbible.com/article-world-trade-organization-188578.html Thu, 12 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the worlds trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. http://www.informationbible.com/article-47-differences-between-java-and-c-plus-plus-187436.html Tue, 10 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Everything must be in a class. There are no global functions or global data. If you want the equivalent of globals, make static methods and static data within a class. There are no structs or enumerations or unions. Only classes. http://www.informationbible.com/article-comparison-of-the-java-and-dot-net-platforms-187488.html Tue, 10 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The .NET platform as a whole has not been standardized. International standards organizations Ecma International and ISO/IEC define the standard for the .NET executable environment (known as the Common Language Infrastructure, or CLI), and .NET executable format (known as Common Intermediate Langua http://www.informationbible.com/article-java-vs-java-script-187019.html Mon, 09 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The language was designed similar to C++, but with syntax that is easier to understand. While it incorporates all the recent major advances in computer sciences, it is still so young it lacks the tools available for programming that are available in C++ or visual basic. http://www.informationbible.com/article-crisis-management-and-its-brief-186539.html Sun, 08 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Venettargues that "crisis is a process of transformation where the old system can no longer be maintained." Therefore the fourth defining quality is the need for change. If change is not needed, the event could more accurately be described as a failure or incident Crisis management consists of: http://www.informationbible.com/article-security-on-computer-185942.html Fri, 06 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Computer security is a branch of computer technology known as information security as applied to computers and networks. The objective of computer security includes protection of information and property from theft, corruption, or natural disaster. http://www.informationbible.com/article-oops-language-185872.html Fri, 06 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT C++ was designed and implemented by Bjarne Stroustrup (the author of this article) at ATandT Bell Laboratories to combine the organizational and design strengths of Simula with Cs facilities for systems programming. http://www.informationbible.com/article-intranet-185882.html Fri, 06 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT An intranet is a computer networks that uses internet protocols technology to share information, operational systems, or computing services within an organization. The term is used in contrast to internet, a network between organizations, and instead refers to a network within an organization. http://www.informationbible.com/article-internet-185906.html Fri, 06 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard internet protocol suite (often called TCP/IP, although not all protocols use TCP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic. http://www.informationbible.com/article-computer-virus-185988.html Fri, 06 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT A computer virus is a piece of software that makes copies of itself, typically inserting these copies into other programs and files. It's not always malicious, but when it is, it's classified as a form of malicious software, or malware. http://www.informationbible.com/article-computer-185461.html Thu, 05 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT computer software is a collection of program which perform on a particular task.and it may also define as it is a collection of instruction which perform on a particular task. http://www.informationbible.com/article-database-management-system-185440.html Thu, 05 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software system that manages execution of users applications to access and modify database data so that the data security, data integrity, and data reliability is guaranteed for each application and each application . http://www.informationbible.com/article-the-evolution-of-virtual-environments-185503.html Thu, 05 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Matching visual display technology as closely as possible to human cognitive and sensory capabilities in order to better represent 'direct experience' has been a parts, research, and industry for decades. A familiar example is the development of stereoscopic movies in t http://www.informationbible.com/article-introduction-to-operation-system-185426.html Thu, 05 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT operating syatem is a part of system software which handles the over all function of compouter system.it controls the all the software and hardware parts and input/output device. http://www.informationbible.com/article-introduction-to-programming-language-185519.html Thu, 05 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT programming language usually refers to high level language such as.c,c++,fortran ,Cobol etc.Each language has a unique set of keywords words http://www.informationbible.com/article-nominal-real-and-effective-ex-rates-185047.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT In forex markets, we are mainly concerned with nominal exchange rate. However, for analysis purposes it is not sufficient to consider the nominal exchange rate alone. There are other concepts of exchange rate which are being used though out the literature on exchange rate by economists. http://www.informationbible.com/article-balance-of-payment-185044.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The BOP is for a country what a statement of sources and uses of funds is for a company. It measures the flow of international payments and receipts. As it measures flows and not stocks, it records only the changes in the levels (and not the absolute level) of international assets and http://www.informationbible.com/article-common-organizational-designs-types-184894.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The key concept that underlies all bureaucracy is standardization. It is a structure with highly routine operating tasks achieved through specialization very formalized rules and regulations, tasks that are grouped into functional departments, centralized authority, narrow span of control and de http://www.informationbible.com/article-emotion-dimensions-184622.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Emotions can either be positive or negative. Positive emotions-like happiness and hope express a favorable evolution or feeling. Negative emotions like anger or hate express the opposite emotions can not be neutral. Being neutral is non emotional. Importantly, negative emotions seem to have a gre http://www.informationbible.com/article-nature-of-foreign-exchange-185015.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Secondly, the term foreign exchange is used to refer to foreign currencies. For example, the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973 (FERA) defines foreign exchange as foreign currency and includes all deposits, ('I edits and balance payable in any foreign currency and any drafts http://www.informationbible.com/article-work-teams-184664.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Group is defined as two or more individuals, interacting and interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives. Work group is a group that interacts primarily to share information and to make decisions to help each member perform with in his or her area of responsibility. http://www.informationbible.com/article-nominal-effective-exchange-rate-neer-185048.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The basic critique of export promotion policies through incentives or import substitution is that, such a regime provides incentive to inefficiencies to the production systems. Since the system is inefficient therefore it is not possible for the producers to enter the international markets. To mak http://www.informationbible.com/article-departmentalisation-184882.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The activities can be grouped by functions performed. A Manufacturing manager might organize his plant by separating engineering, accounting, manufacturing, personnel and supply specialists into common departments. Functional departmentalization seeks to achieve economics of scale by placing people http://www.informationbible.com/article-portfolio-balance-approach-185053.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT In monetary approach to exchange rates, all economic agents are implicitly assumed to hold their own country currency, but not the foreign countrys currency. But in the portfolio-balance approach (PBA), people may want to hold both moneys, although they might have a preference for http://www.informationbible.com/article-organisation-structure-184733.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Once the jobs have been divided through work specialization, these jobs have to be grouped together so that common tasks can be coordinated. The basis by which jobs are grouped together is called departmentalization. http://www.informationbible.com/article-chain-of-command-184883.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The unity of command principle helps preserve the concept of an unbroken line of authority. It states that a person should have one and only one superior to whom he or she is directly responsible. If the unity of command is broken, an employee might have to cope with conflicting demands or priorit http://www.informationbible.com/article-span-of-control-184884.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Narrow span has three major drawbacks. First, they are expensive because they add to the levels of management. Second, they make vertical communication in the organization more complex. The added levels of hierarchy slow down decision making and tend to isolate upper management. http://www.informationbible.com/article-demand-and-supply-of-foreign-currency-185024.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT However most of their cash reserves are held in Euros. The company will be forced to go to the foreign exchange market, sell some of its Euros, and buy Canadian dollars. The supply of Euros on the foreign exchange market goes up, and the supply of Canadian dollars goes down. http://www.informationbible.com/article-work-specialization-184880.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The essence of work specialization is that, rather than an entire job being done by one individual, it is broken down into a number of steps, with each step being completed by a separate individual http://www.informationbible.com/article-personality-184612.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Among the factors that exact pressures on our personality formation are the cultures in which we are area raised; our earlier conditioning the norms among our family, friends and social groups and other influences that we experience. These environmental factors play a substantial role in shaping ou http://www.informationbible.com/article-key-components-making-up-effective-teams-184696.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Effective teams need to work together and take collective responsibility to complete significant tasks. The work design category includes variables lake freedom and autonomy, the opportunity to use different skills and talents, the ability to complete a whole and identifiable task or product and w http://www.informationbible.com/article-group-184619.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT A group is defined as two or more individuals interacting and interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objectives. Groups can either be formal or informal. Formal groups are designated work group defined by the organizations structure. network of personal an http://www.informationbible.com/article-learning-184616.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Any relatively permanent change in behavior is called learning. Three theories have been offered explain the process of learning by which we acquire patter us of behavior. These are classical conditioning operant conditioning and social learning. http://www.informationbible.com/article-frequently-used-shortcuts-in-judging-others-184602.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT People selectively interpret what they see on the basis of their interests, background experience and attribute. People perceive aspects of a situation that were specifically related to the activities and goals of the unit to which they are attached. A groups perception of organizational activiti http://www.informationbible.com/article-specific-applications-of-perception-in-organizations-184609.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Interviews generally draw early impressions that become very quickly entrenched. If negative information is exposed early in the interview, it tends to be more heavily weighted than if that same information comes out later. Most interviewers decisions change very little after the first four http://www.informationbible.com/article-emotions-184621.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Emotions are intense feeling that are directed at someone or something. In contrast to emotions, there is mood that refers to feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack emotional stimulus. Both emotions and mood together form affect which is a generic term which covers a br http://www.informationbible.com/article-factor-causing-stress-184900.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT When company B is contractive, for example, people become increasingly anxious about their job security. Similarly political instability is a cause of stress. Political crisis like civil war, riots, hostilities with neighboring countries etc can lead to stress. Technology uncertainties http://www.informationbible.com/article-power-and-politics-184711.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The coercive power base is dependent on fees. One reacts to this power out of fear of the negative results that might occur if one failed to comply. It rests on the application, or the threat of application, of physical sanctions such as the infliction of pain, the generation of frustration throug http://www.informationbible.com/article-empowerment-184718.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT There are several barriers to empowerment. Some managers are very reluctant to delegate authority and many sub-ordinates avoid taking on the responsibility and authority. The causes for such reluctance are based upon certain beliefs and attitudes which are personal and behavioral in nature. http://www.informationbible.com/article-conflict-184723.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Conflict is defined as process that begins when one party perceives than another party has affected, or is about to negatively affect, something that the first party cares about. http://www.informationbible.com/article-negotiation-184728.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Negotiation is defined as a process in which two or more parties exchange goods or services and attempt to agree on the exchange rate for them. There are two general approaches to negotiation- distributive bargaining and integrative bargaining. http://www.informationbible.com/article-common-organizational-designs-184737.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Simple structure is characterized by a low degree of departmentalization, wide span of control, authority centralized in a single person and little formalization. The simple structure is a felt organization, it usually has only two or three vertical levels, a lower body of employees and one http://www.informationbible.com/article-organisation-structure-definition-184875.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT An organization structure defines how job tasks are formally divided, grouped and coordinated. There are six elements that mangers need to address when they design their organizations structure http://www.informationbible.com/article-centralisation-and-decentralisation-184887.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT An organization characterized by centralization is an Inherently different structural entity from one that is an inherently different structural entity from one that is decentralized. In a decentralized organization, action can be taken more quickly to solve problem, more people provide input i http://www.informationbible.com/article-formalisation-184890.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT There are explicitly job description lots of organizational rules, and dearly defined procedures covering work processes in organizations in which thee is high formalization. Where formalization is low, job behaviors are relatively non-programmed and employees have a great deal of freedom to exer http://www.informationbible.com/article-matrix-structure-184897.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The strength of functional departmentalization lies in putting like specialists together, which minimizes the number necessary while allowing the pooling and sharing of specialized resources across products. Its major disadvantage is the difficulty of coordinating the tasks of diverse functional sp http://www.informationbible.com/article-stress-management-184899.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Stress is the "wear and tear" our bodies experience as we adjust to our continually changing environment; it has physical and emotional effects on us and can create positive or negative feelings. As a positive influence, stress can help compel us to action; it can result in a new awareness. http://www.informationbible.com/article-increasing-of-demand-currency-185031.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT A British retailer specializing in Chinese merchandise will often have to pay for that merchandise in Chinese Yuan. So if the popularity of Chinese goods goes up in other countries the demand for Chinese Yuan will go up as retailers purchase Yuan to make purchases from Chinese wholesalers and manu http://www.informationbible.com/article-equilibrium-real-exchange-rate-185049.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT It is the acronym for Natural Real Exchange, referring to a medium run inter cyclical equilibrium real exchange rate, determined by real and fundamental factors. Importantly, the NATREX is a moving equilibrium real exchange rate, responding to continual changes in exogenous and endogenous real fu http://www.informationbible.com/article-portfolio-balance-approach-brief-185054.html Wed, 04 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT In monetary approach to exchange rates, all economic agents are implicitly assumed to hold their own country currency, but not the foreign countrys currency. But in the portfolio-balance approach (PBA), people may want to hold both moneys, although they might have a preference for http://www.informationbible.com/article-small-scale-industries-sector-184276.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The Central excise Department, on the other hand distinguishes Small Scale industries on the basis of annual turnover of the units (upto a maximum limit of Rs 30 million). (1) S.S.I. Undertaking:- An industrial undertaking in which the investment in Plant and Machinery. http://www.informationbible.com/article-recognition-to-stock-exchanges-184408.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Any stock exchanges which is desirous of being recognized may apply to the Central Government in the prescribed manner with the required particulars and a copy of the bye-laws of the stock exchange and the rules relating to the constitution of the stock exchange. http://www.informationbible.com/article-benefits-of-privatisation-184326.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT It reduces fiscal burden of the state by relieving it of the losses of SOES and reducing size of bureaucracy. Privatisation of SOES enables the government to nop up funds. Government of Indias Budget for 2000-01 proposed to raise Rs 10,000 crore during the year through Privatisation. http://www.informationbible.com/article-definition-of-privatisation-184298.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT :- Privatisation means transfer of ownership or management of an enterprise from public sector to private Sector. it also means withdrawal of state from an industry or sector partially or fully. Another dimension of privatization is opening up of an industry that has been reserved for Public sector http://www.informationbible.com/article-the-foreign-trade-act-1992-and-its-objective-184432.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT This Act which replaced the Imports and Exports (Control) Act 1947 come into force on 19th June 1992. No export or import shall be made by any person except in accordance with the provisions of this Act, the orders and rules made under this Act and the expert and import policy http://www.informationbible.com/article-power-of-recognized-stock-exchange-to-make-rules-restricting-voting-rights-184412.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Every recognized stock exchange shall furnish the Central Government with a copy of the annual report containing all the particulars prescribed. Further, every recognized stock exchange. Shall furnish to the SEBI such periodical returns relating to its affairs as may be prescribed. http://www.informationbible.com/article-conditions-for-success-of-privatisation-184324.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Privatization cannot be sustained unless the political leadership is committed to it and unless it reflects a shift in preferences of public arising out of dissatisfaction with performance of other alternatives. 2) Any alternative institutional arrangements chosen should not stifle competiti http://www.informationbible.com/article-sebi--securities-and-exchange-board-of-india-184413.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Section 4 of the Act lays down the constitution of the management of SEBI. The Board of members of SEBI shall consist of a chairman, two members from amongst the officials of the Ministeries of the Central Government dealing with finance and law, one member from amongst the officials of Reserve Ban http://www.informationbible.com/article-eou-export-oriented-units-184280.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Another major advantage is their ability provide employment in the off-season. To a large number of people, agriculture provides only seasonal employment opportunities during the off-season and help many households mitigate their problem during off-season. (3) Some to these industries pri http://www.informationbible.com/article-types-of-attitudes-184595.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT A person can have thousand of attitudes. The work related attitudes can positive or negative evaluation that employees hold about their work environment. Most of the research in organizational behavior is concerned with three attitudes: job satisfaction, job involvement and organizational commitmen http://www.informationbible.com/article-main-provisions-of-securities-contracts-184407.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The grant of recognition or withdrawal of recognition to any stock exchange. 2) Approval of the bye-laws and rules of stock exchanges. 3) Power to direct the stock exchanges to make or amend roles and bye-laws in certain cases. Power to make or amend bye-laws or roles for stoc http://www.informationbible.com/article-essential-qualities-of-good-business-report-184268.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT There is great importance of timing in Business communication. The communication should not only be timely so that the decisions and actions can be taken in time and when necessary but also the timing of the message and the environment setting in which the message is delivered and received is equal. http://www.informationbible.com/article-industrial-licensing-policy-184270.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The industrial policy announced in July 1991 has abolished industrial licensing, irrespective of the levels of investment, for all industries exempt 18 specified industries. There has been subsequent liberalizations Industries for which industrial licensing is compulsory now are the followi http://www.informationbible.com/article-major-public-sector-reforms-that-have-been-undertaken-since-1991-184264.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The Public sector has been central to India’s industrialization within the mixed economy framework. The industrial Policy Resolution 1956 accorded a strategic role to public enterprises. Accordingly, areas of strategic importance and core sectors were exclusively reserved for public sector. http://www.informationbible.com/article-icici-bank-184386.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Providing assistance in the creation, expansion and modernization of Industrial enterprise. Encouraging and Promoting the participation of Private capital, both internal and external in such enterprise. Encouraging and Promoting industrial investment and expansion of investment marke http://www.informationbible.com/article-regulation-of-foreign-trade-184431.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Control of foreign trade in India dates back to the early year of Second World War. Import Control was introduced in 1940 as a war time measure under the Defence of India Rules with the Primary objective of conserving the foreign exchange resources and restricting physical import so as to reduce http://www.informationbible.com/article-main-provisions-of-foreign-trade-act-1992-184433.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The Act also empowers the Central government to make provision for prohibiting, restricting or otherwise regulating the import or export of goods as and when required. http://www.informationbible.com/article-sica-sick-industrial-companies-act-184352.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT According to the SICA amended in 1993, a sick industrial company meant and industrial company registered for not less than 5 year) which had at the end of any financial year accumulated losses equal to or exceeding its entire net worth. An industrial company was regarded as pote http://www.informationbible.com/article-powers-and-functions-of-sebi-184427.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Regulating the business in stock exchange and any other securities market. Registered and regulating the working of collective investment schemes, including mutual funds. Promoting and regulating self-regulatory organizations. Promoting and regulating http://www.informationbible.com/article-liberalization-for-private-corporate-sctors-under-new-economic-policy-184261.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT In the financial sector, barriers to entry for new firms and limits on growth in the size of existing firms have been removed. Industrial licensing has been abolished for most of the industries irrespective of the levels of investment. The MRTP Act has been amended to remove the threshold. http://www.informationbible.com/article-social-responsibilitties-of-business-184257.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT As business operates in society, it cant exist and grows unless it cares for society. It exist vis--vis with society. It is required to meet different needs of the society. For meeting these needs, business has certain social responsibilities to discharge. http://www.informationbible.com/article-components-of-business-environment--and-dynamism-of-business-environment-184255.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The survival and success of a business firm depend on its strength, resources at its command, including physical resources, financial resources, human resources, skill and organisation and its adaptability to the environment and the extend to which environment is favourable to the development. http://www.informationbible.com/article-measures-of-small-scale-industries-sector-184287.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Arrangements have also been made for the supply of raw materials, particularly of scarce items, to the small scale units.Training:- Training for existing and potential entrepreneurs and others associated with the working of small units are offered by Entrepreneurship Development Institut http://www.informationbible.com/article-problems-of-small-scale-sector-184291.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT (3) Old methods of Production:- Old tools and equipments like oil expellers and handlooms, are still in use. The result is fall in the quantity of output and goods produced are of inferior quality. Such goods have little demand. http://www.informationbible.com/article-growth-of-public-sector-and-its-objectives-184295.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT These had been a phenomenal growth of the Public since the commencement of Planning. In fact, even before the commencement of planning and adoption of goal of socialistic pattern of society, the Public sector was assigned an important role in industrialisation and economic development of the country http://www.informationbible.com/article-growth-and-performance-of-public-enterprises-alongwith-table-184297.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT These had been a phenomenal growth of the Public since the commencement of Planning. In fact, even before the commencement of planning and adoption of goal of socialistic pattern of society, the Public sector was assigned an important role in industrialisation and economic development of the country. http://www.informationbible.com/article-ways-of-privatization-184303.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT In Britain, the staff of Privatized company have a priority in buying shares and are entitled to a discount. One of important way of Privatisation is divestiture or privatization of ownership, through Sale of equity. In countries where there are well functioning capital markets, this entails sellin http://www.informationbible.com/article-obstacles-of-privatization-184312.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Government usually want to sell the least profitable enterprises, those that the private sector is not willing to buy at a price acceptable to the government. http://www.informationbible.com/article-failure-of-privatisation-184335.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Privatisation may not produce much beneficial effects, it could even worsen the situation. Problems of Cultural changes:- Improvement of Performance of an enterprise after the privatization will depend on bringing about a change in work culture and total enterpris http://www.informationbible.com/article-industrial-sickness-184338.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT In terms of definition evolved by RBI, an industrial unit is regarded as sick if it has incurred cash loss for one year and in judgement of the bank, it is likely to continue to incur cash loss in two following years and it has imbalance in its financial structure such as current ratio being less http://www.informationbible.com/article-causes-of-sickness-184343.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Lack of experience of promoters, wrong selection of project, faulty project planning etc, may give birth to sick units. ii) Lack of funds and faulty financial management may also cause birth of sick units. iii) Time and cost overruns sometimes prove to be very disastrous. Particularl http://www.informationbible.com/article-mrtp-act-and-its-criticism-184348.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The Principal low in India to deal with competition was Monopolistic and Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 1969. The MRTP Act, brought into force form Ist June 1970, was a very controversial piece of legislation. The high level committee on Competition Policy and law, appointed by Government of I http://www.informationbible.com/article-industrial-disputes-and-its-forms-184358.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT According to Sec 2 of Industrial Disputes Act 1947, Industrial dispute means any dispute or difference between employers and employers or between employers and workmen or between workmen and workmen, which is connected with the employment or non-employment or terms of employment or with the conditio http://www.informationbible.com/article-industrial-development-bank-of-india-idbi-184363.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT IDBI was initially established as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Reserve Bank of India. In 1976, the ownership of IDBI was transferred to the Government of India (GOI) The IDBI Act was amended in October 1994, to, inter alia, permit IDBI to raise equity from the public, subject to the holding to GOI http://www.informationbible.com/article-securities-contracts-act-184403.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT To empower the Central Government to regulate the dealings n and functioning of the stock exchange in India. To promote healthy and orderly development of stock market in India. To prevent unhealthy speculation and other undesirable activities on the stock exchange. http://www.informationbible.com/article-subsidiary-organisations-184371.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT To give focused attention to the needs of small scale industry, IDBI had set up the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) in 1990 as a wholly owned subsidiary. The SIDBI Act was amended in March 2000, enabling, among other things, the transfer of IDBI shareholding to a maximum 51% fro http://www.informationbible.com/article-idbi-and-its-products-184375.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT A stock broking company, IDBI Capital Market Services limited (IDBI Capital) was set up in 1993 to provide a range of capital market related services. It commenced operation as a primary Dealer in November 1999. IDBI capital markets public issues of seclinties through its network of agents. http://www.informationbible.com/article-ifci-industrial-finance-corporation-of-indian-184380.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT In many cases, financial plan for the projects included raising equity from capital market or from internal generation of group companies. However, due to prolonged, depressed conditions, in capital market and the industrial recession in aftermath of South East Asian crises of 1997. http://www.informationbible.com/article-function-of-development-bank-and-leading-policies-and-criteria-of-the-idbi-184389.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT A Development Bank is a multipurpose institution which shares entrepreneurial Risk, Changes its approach in tune with the industrial climate and encourages new industrial projects to bring about speedier economic growth. The concept of development banking is based on the assumption that mere provis http://www.informationbible.com/article-banking-sector-reforms-in-india-184391.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The experience of successful developing countries indicates that repaid growth requires a sustained effort at mobilising savings and resources and deploying them in ways, which encourage efficient production. Financial sector (which includes banking sector) reforms thus constitutes and important co http://www.informationbible.com/article-stock-exchange-184401.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Stock Exchange transactions are made ether for the purpose of investment or for speculation. Investment transactions are made with the intention of earnings a return on the securities by holdings them more or less permanently whereas speculative transactions are made with the intention of making http://www.informationbible.com/article-non-banking-financial-institutions-184430.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT NBFCs are financial intermediaries engaged primarily in the business of accepting deposits and making loans and advances, Investments, leasing, hire-Purchase etc. NBCs are a heterogenouslot. NBFC sector is characterized by a large number of privately owned, decentralized and relatively sma http://www.informationbible.com/article-organizational-behavior-and-impact-work-force-diversity-on-organizational-behavior-184579.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT impact work force diversity on organizational behavior http://www.informationbible.com/article-meaning-and-scope-of-organizational-behavior-and-contemporary-challenges-to-organizational-behavior-184581.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Globalization affects a managers people skills in at least two ways. First, if a manager is transferred to his employers operating division or subsidiary in another another country. Once there, he has to manage a work force that is likely to be very different in needs, aspirations, and attends http://www.informationbible.com/article-individual-behavior-184585.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Individual Behavior is influenced by factors such as biographical characteristics, ability and learning. Biographical characters include factors such as employees age, gender, length of service with an organization. * http://www.informationbible.com/article-individual-differences-184587.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Research consistently indicates that married employees have fewer absences, undergo less turnover and are mere satisfied with their jobs then are their unmarried workers. Marriage imposes increased responsibilities that may make a steady job more valuable and important. http://www.informationbible.com/article-values-184588.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Values represent basic conviction that a specific mode of conduct or end- state of existence is personally or society preferable to an opposite mode of conduct. They contain a Judgmental element in that they carry an individuals ideas as to what is right, good or desirable. Values have both c http://www.informationbible.com/article-attitudes-184593.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Attitudes are evaluative statements or Judgment concerning objects, people or events. They reflect how one feel about something. These are three components of an attitude: cognition, affect and behavior. http://www.informationbible.com/article-attitude-behavior-relationship-184596.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Discrepancies between attitudes and behavior are more likely to occur when social pressures to behave in a certain ways hold exceptional power. The attitude-behavior relationship is likely to be much stronger if an attitude refers to something with which the individual has direct personal experienc http://www.informationbible.com/article-perception-184598.html Tue, 03 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Attribution theory is used to develop explanations of the ways in which we judge people differently, depending on what meaning we attribute to a given behaviour. Basically the theory suggests that when we observe an individuals behaviour we attempt to determine whether it was internally http://www.informationbible.com/article-meaning-of-financial-management-183453.html Mon, 02 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Financial Management is such a managerial process, which is concerned with the planning and control of Financial resources. It is being studied as a separate subject in 20th century. Till now it was used as a part of economics. Now, its scope has undergone some basic changes from time to time. http://www.informationbible.com/article-functions-of-controller-183686.html Mon, 02 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The controller prepares plan for controlling the business activities which are the main constituents of management and in which proper arrangement regarding profit planning, capital expenditure planning, sales forecasting and expenditure budgeting is made. http://www.informationbible.com/article-risk-adjusted-discount-rate-vs-certainty-equivalent-183878.html Mon, 02 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The certainty-equivalent approach recognizes risk in capital budgeting analysis by adjusting estimated cash flows and employs risk-free rate to discount the adjusted cash flows. On the other hand, the risk-adjusted discount rate adjusts for risk by adjusting the discount rate http://www.informationbible.com/article-profitability-index-along-with-its-merits-and-demerits-183816.html Mon, 02 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT It is Benefit Cost ratio (B/C Ratio) or Profitability Index (P1). It is the ratio of value of future cash benefits at required rate or return to the initial cash outflow of the investment. PI method should be adopted when the initial costs of projects are different. NPV method i http://www.informationbible.com/article-object-oriented-programming-concepts-183866.html Mon, 02 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a computer science term used to characterize a programming language that began development in the 1960s. The term object-oriented programming was originally coined by Xerox PARC to designate a computer application that describes the methodology of using http://www.informationbible.com/article-scope-of-finanace-183472.html Mon, 02 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT A firm acquire real assets to carry on its business. Real assets can be tangible or intangible. Plant, machinery, factory, furniture etc. are examples of tangible real assets, while technical know-how, patents, copy rights are examples of intangible real assets.Thus, the 3 most important activities http://www.informationbible.com/article-finance-functions-183515.html Mon, 02 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Current assets should be managed efficiently for safe guarding firm against of liquidity and insolvency. In order to ensure that neither insufficient nor unnecessary funds are invested in current assets, the financial manager should develop sound technique of managing current assets. http://www.informationbible.com/article-time-value-of-money-183715.html Mon, 02 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The evaluation of capital expenditure proposals involves the comparison between cash outflows and cash inflows. The pecularity of evaluation of capital expenditure proposals is that it involves the decision to be taken today where as the flow of funds, either outflow or inflow. http://www.informationbible.com/article-profit-maximisation-approach-183708.html Mon, 02 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT It is the duty of management to clarify the objectives of business so that the departmental objectives could be determined accordingly. Financial objectives of a firm provide a concrete framework within which optimum financial decisions can be made. The main objective of any firm should be to maxi http://www.informationbible.com/article-organisation-of-finance-function-183671.html Mon, 02 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Although in case of companies, the main responsibility to perform finance function rests with the top management yet the top management (Board of Directors) for convenience can delegate its powers to any subordinate executive which is known as Director Finance. http://www.informationbible.com/article-functions-of-the-chief-financial-manager-and-functions-of-treasurer-183675.html Mon, 02 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Chief Financial manager is the top officer of finance department. In America he is known as Vice-president finance and in India he is called Chief Financial Controller. It includes the estimation of funds necessary for procurement preparing programmes and implementing them. http://www.informationbible.com/article-wealth-maximisation-approach-183712.html Mon, 02 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT As the value of an asset is considered from view point of profit accruing from it, in the same manner the evaluation of an activity depends on the profits arising from it. Therefore, all 3 main decisions of financial manager-financing decision, investment decision dividend decision affect. http://www.informationbible.com/article-investment-decisions-and-its-importance-183750.html Mon, 02 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT The investment decisions of a firm generally known as capital budgeting or capital expenditure decisions. A capital budgeting decision may be defined as the firms decision to invest its current funds most efficiently in the long term assets in anticipation of an expected flow of benefits. http://www.informationbible.com/article-techniques-of-capital-budgeting-183763.html Mon, 02 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT This method take into account time value of money. In this method present value of cash flows is calculated for which cash flows are discounted. The rate of interest is called cost of capital and is equal to minimum rate of return which must accrue from the project. http://www.informationbible.com/article-average-rate-of-return-method-alongwith-its-merits-and-demerits-183828.html Mon, 02 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT This method takes into account all the profits during the life time of the project, whereas pay back period ignores the profits accruing after the pay back period. ARR method does not consider the size of investment for each project. It may be time that the competing ARR of two projects may be the http://www.informationbible.com/article-risk-analysis-alongwith-merits-and-demerits-183836.html Mon, 02 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT Risk exists because of inability of decision maker to make perfect forecasts. Forecasts cannot be made with perfection or certainty since the future events on which they depend are uncertain. An investment is not risky if, we can specify a unique sequence of cash flows for it. But the whole troubl http://www.informationbible.com/article-evaluation-of-certainty-equivalent-183874.html Mon, 02 Apr 2012 13:00:00 GMT This will no longer give forecasts according to best estimate. Second, if forecasts have to pass through several layers of management, the effect may be to greatly exaggerate the original forecasts or to make it ultra conservative. Third, by focusing explicit attention only on the gloomy. http://www.informationbible.com/article-importance-of-business-environment-182739.html Fri, 30 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Environmental understanding helps the business organisations in improving their image by showing their sensitivity to the environment within which they are working. For example, in view of the shortage of power, many companies have set up Captive Power Plants (CPP). http://www.informationbible.com/article-disk-operating-systems-and-its-history-182538.html Fri, 30 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Usually, a disk operating system was loaded from a disk. Only a very few comparable DOSes were stored elsewhere than floppy disks; among these exceptions were the British BBC Micro's optional Disc Filing System, DFS, offered as a kit with a disk controller chip, a ROM chip. http://www.informationbible.com/article-dos-for-the-ibm-pc-compatible-platform-182582.html Fri, 30 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The original was licensed to IBM by Microsoft, and marketed by them as "PC-DOS". When Microsoft licenced it to other hardware manufacturers, it was called MS-DOS. Digital Research produced a compatible variant known as "DR-DOS", which was eventually taken. http://www.informationbible.com/article-procedural-programming-182688.html Fri, 30 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT A procedural program is written as a list of instructions in step-by-step manner,it tells what to do.For example- Open a file, read a number, multiply by 4, display something. Program units include the main or program block, subroutines, functions, procedures; file scoping; includes/modules; librar http://www.informationbible.com/article-future-of-operating-systems-182659.html Fri, 30 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Microsoft has recently secured patents for VFAT and FAT32 (but not the original FAT), which is causing concern that the company might later seek royalties from Linux distros and from media vendors that pre-format their products (see FAT Licensing below). http://www.informationbible.com/article-object-based-and-object-oriented-languages-182682.html Fri, 30 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Object oriented languages are those languages which emphasis on classes.These are the Languages which totally support OOP concepts: Class, Object , Inheritance, Polymorphism, Abstraction and Encapsulation. http://www.informationbible.com/article-structured-programming-182687.html Fri, 30 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Structured language mean dividing program in to blocks or parts and executing where one block differs from other so that the reader can understand the program easier. http://www.informationbible.com/article-types-of-business-environment-182746.html Fri, 30 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The economic environment includes economic conditions, economic policies and economic system of the country.Non-economic environment comprises social, political, legal, technological, demographic and natural environment. All these have a bearing on the strategies adopted by the firm. http://www.informationbible.com/article-business-environment-definition-182715.html Fri, 30 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Thus, business environment may be defined as the total surroundings, which have a direct or indirect bearing on the functioning of business. It may also be defined as the set of external facors, such as economic factors, social factors, political and legal factors, demographic factors, and technical http://www.informationbible.com/article-features-of-business-environment-182738.html Fri, 30 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT It covers factors and forces like customers, competitors, suppliers, government, and the social, cultural, political, technological and legal conditions. Business Decisions depend upon following:- Economic Factors Social factors Political Factors Technological Factors Demographic Factors http://www.informationbible.com/article-non-economic-environment-182750.html Fri, 30 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Most of the labour unions in India are affiliated to various political parties. Strikes, lockouts, labour disputes etc.also adversely affect the business operations. However, with the competitive business environment, trade unions are now showing great maturity and started contributing positively http://www.informationbible.com/article-recent-developments-in-indian-economy-182756.html Fri, 30 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The economic environment of business in India has been changing at a fast rate mainly due to the changes in the economic policies of the government. At the time of independence, the Indian economy was basically agrarian with a weak industrial base. http://www.informationbible.com/article-liberalisation-182758.html Fri, 30 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Through this liberalisation process, Indian Economy has opened up and started interacting with the world in a big way. This has resulted in easy entry of foreign business organizations in India. This has further resulted in stiff competition and efficiency. http://www.informationbible.com/article-privatisation-182760.html Fri, 30 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT In India, as a result of these steps, the post liberalisation phase has witnessed a massive expansion of the private sector business in India. You can have an idea of their expansion from the fact that the total capital employed in top 500 private sector companies rose from Rs. 1,39,806. http://www.informationbible.com/article-globalisation-182765.html Fri, 30 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT To achieve these objectives of globalisation, the government has adopted various measures such as reduction in custom duties, removal of quantitative restrictions or quotas on exports and imports, facilitating foreign investment and encouragement of foreign technology. http://www.informationbible.com/article-social-responsibility-of-business-182768.html Fri, 30 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT This has resulted in the development of the concept of social responsibility of business whereby the owners and managers of business are made conscious about the responsibilities of their business towards the community and its customers, workers etc. http://www.informationbible.com/article-meaning-of-social-responsibility-182771.html Fri, 30 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT It ensures that the interests of different groups of the public are not adversely affected by the decisions and policies of the business. http://www.informationbible.com/article-social-responsibilities-towards-different-groups-182772.html Fri, 30 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT You know that in case of companies it takes the form dividends. It has to be ensured that the rate of dividend is commensurable with the risk involved and the earnings made. Besides dividends, the shareholders also expect an appreciation in the value of shares.It has to be ensured that the rate of d http://www.informationbible.com/article-social-responsibility-undertaken-as-reported-by-some-companies-182773.html Fri, 30 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT L and T addresses social issues of health and environment with the same professional vigour that it adopts for business issues. L and T believes in the merits of detailed analysis, planning, implementation and evaluation of results. Broadly, its corporate social responsibility covers health, safety.Oil http://www.informationbible.com/article-types-of-entities-and-attributes-182116.html Thu, 29 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT For instance, the loan-number attribute for a specific loan entity refers to only one loan number. Such attributes are said to be single valued. There may be instances where an attribute has a set of values for a specific entity. Consider an employee entity set with the attribute phone-number. http://www.informationbible.com/article-history-of-operating-systems-182264.html Thu, 29 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The first computers did not have operating systems. However, software tools for managing the system and simplifying the use of hardware appeared very quickly afterwards, and gradually expanded in scope. By the early 1960s, commercial computer vendors were supplying quite extensive tools. http://www.informationbible.com/article-history-of-personal-computers-182276.html Thu, 29 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Time share "terminals" to central computers were sometimes used before the advent of the PC.(A smart terminal televideo ASCII character mode terminal made around 1982.)Before their advent in the late 1970s to the early 1980s, the only computers one might haveused if one were privileged. http://www.informationbible.com/article-relationship-sets-and-mapping-cardinalities-182123.html Thu, 29 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT For instance, the loan-number attribute for a specific loan entity refers to only one loan number. Such attributes are said to be single valued. There may be instances where an attribute has a set of values for a specific entity. Consider an employee entity set with the attribute phone-number. http://www.informationbible.com/article-types-of-keys-in-database-management-systems-182128.html Thu, 29 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Primary key to denote a candidate key that is chosen by the database designer as the principal means of identifying entities within an entity set. A key (primary, candidate, and super) is a property of the entity set, rather than of the individual entities. http://www.informationbible.com/article-corruption-181999.html Thu, 29 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Corruption is a widespread, ongoing and even ancient problem that societies continue to face today. Not dissimilar to the issue of people trafficking, there are healthy debates regarding definitions, so for the record I apply the broad definition of corruption. http://www.informationbible.com/article-advantages-of-corruption-182031.html Thu, 29 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Anti-people trafficking resources are already limited. Its not an unreasonable question to ask should they be stretched further? But I do believe that incorporating a response to corruption will improve our efforts to combate people trafficking. http://www.informationbible.com/article-corruption-and-people-trafficking-182034.html Thu, 29 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Corruption is a widespread, ongoing and even ancient problem that societies continue to face today. http://www.informationbible.com/article-conclusion-of-corruption-182036.html Thu, 29 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT We’re at a place where the anti-corruption movement is taking a similar outward looking view. What need to do now is find the ways that anticorruption and anti-people trafficking strategies can work together for mutual benefit. http://www.informationbible.com/article-introduction-to-database-182044.html Thu, 29 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT A database is a collection of stored operational data used by various applications and/or users by some particular enterprise or by a set of outside authorized applications and authorized users. http://www.informationbible.com/article-advantages-of-a-dbms-182049.html Thu, 29 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Data independence: Application programs should be as independent as possible from details of data representation and storage. The DBMS can provide an abstract view of the data to insulate application code from such details. http://www.informationbible.com/article-structure-of-a-dbms-182053.html Thu, 29 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT When a user issues a query, the parsed query is presented to a query optimizer, which uses information about how the data is stored to produce an effcient execution plan for evaluating the query. http://www.informationbible.com/article-data-and-keys-in-dbms-182056.html Thu, 29 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Data Model: A data model is a collection of conceptual tools for describing data, data relationships, data semantics, and consistency constraints. http://www.informationbible.com/article-file-systems-and-file-management-system-problems-and-database-applications-182092.html Thu, 29 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Airline Reservation Systems – Data items are: single passenger reservations; Information about flights and airports; Information about ticket prices and tickets restrictions. •Banking Systems – Data items are accounts, customers, loans, mortgages, balances, etc. Failures are not tolerable. http://www.informationbible.com/article-data-levels-and-their-roles-182100.html Thu, 29 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT How data is stored, how is it accessed, how data is modified, is data ordered, how data is allocated to computer memory and/or peripheral devices, how data items are actually represented (ASCI, EBCDIC,) .The physical schema speci es additional storage details. http://www.informationbible.com/article-data-models-and-main-concepts-related-to-data-models-182104.html Thu, 29 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT By extending the host language syntax to embed DML calls within the host language program. Usually, a special character prefaces DML calls, and a preprocessor, called the DML precompiler, converts the DML statements to normal procedure calls in the host language. http://www.informationbible.com/article-types-of-database-users-182111.html Thu, 29 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Sophisticated users interact with the system without writing programs. Instead,they form their requests in a database query language. They submit each such query to a query processor, whose function is to break down DML statements into instructions that the storage manager understands. http://www.informationbible.com/article-specialization-and-generalization-182153.html Thu, 29 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Each of these person types is described by a set of attributes that includes all the attributes of entity set person plus possibly additional attributes. For example, customer entities may be described further by the attribute customer-id. http://www.informationbible.com/article-er-model-for-banking-business-182186.html Thu, 29 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT One Bank has many branches and each branch belongs to only one bank, hence the cardinality between Bank and Branch is One to Many. One Branch offers many loans and each loan is associated with one branch, hence the cardinality between Branch and Loan is One to Many. http://www.informationbible.com/article-roles-of-a-system-analyst-182212.html Thu, 29 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT IS is an exciting field and there are many career opportunities for our graduates. Despite the diversity, students often ask "Exactly what does an entry level systems analyst actually do?" http://www.informationbible.com/article-qualities-of-a-system-analyst-182217.html Thu, 29 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT System Analysts should start with something small,eg. the carpenter who starts to build small houses, http://www.informationbible.com/article-system-analyst-skills-182223.html Thu, 29 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT System analyst should possess 4 skills: 1.Technical Technical skill is the ability to understand how computers, data networks, databases, operating systems, etc. work together, as well as their potentials and limitations. http://www.informationbible.com/article-introduction-to-operating-systems-182258.html Thu, 29 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Modern general-purpose computers, including personal computers and mainframes, have an Operating system to run other programs, such as application software. Examples of operating Systems for personal computers include Microsoft Windows, Mac OS (and Darwin), UNIX, and Linux. http://www.informationbible.com/article-today-operating-systems-182271.html Thu, 29 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Command line interface (or CLI) operating systems can operate using only the keyboard for input. Modern OS's use a mouse for input with a graphical user interface (GUI) sometimes implemented as a shell. The appropriate OS may depend on the hardware architecture, specifically the CPU. http://www.informationbible.com/article-job-analysis-and-its-processes-181525.html Wed, 28 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT A systematic process by which management gathers and analyses information related to the task, duties, and responsibilities of the jobs within the organization. Some information are obtained through job analysis. http://www.informationbible.com/article-significance-of-human-resource-planning-181496.html Wed, 28 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT There are more jobs in service sector rather than manufacturing sector. The growth of service sector has resulted in a shortage of engineers available to work in the manufacturing sector. The changing pattern of industrial employment affects the pattern of the different occupational groups. http://www.informationbible.com/article-recruitment-or-search-181541.html Wed, 28 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Workers are recruited through labour contractors who are themselves employees of organisation. The dis advantage of this system is that if contractor leaves the organisation, all the workers employed through him will also leave. http://www.informationbible.com/article-strategic-human-resources-management-181451.html Wed, 28 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Stratetegic human resource management is an approach which relates to the decisions about the nature of employment relationship and recruitment training development performance management reward and employee relations. http://www.informationbible.com/article-hr-outsourcings-181457.html Wed, 28 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Reduce overhead and gain value for money the reason is that the cost is reduced because there is no need to have a separate department of human resource for all these activities you just have to pay for the work which you want that another company will do for you. http://www.informationbible.com/article-human-resource-planning-181469.html Wed, 28 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT There are more jobs in service sector rather than manufacturing sector. The growth of service sector has resulted in a shortage of engineers available to work in the manufacturing sector. The changing pattern of industrial employment affects the pattern of the different occupational groups. http://www.informationbible.com/article-manpower-planning-181518.html Wed, 28 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Government has renewed its efforts by adopting the National Housing and habitat policy 1998. The basic thrust of this policy is to achieve sustainable development of housing infrastructure through public-private partnership. http://www.informationbible.com/article-compensation-181600.html Wed, 28 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Compensation refers to a wide range of financial and non-financial rewards to employees for their services rendered to the organisation. It is paid in form of wages, salaries,employee benefits such as paid vacations, insurance, maternity leave, free travel facility, retirement benefits etc. http://www.informationbible.com/article-selection-181544.html Wed, 28 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Candidates who meet minimum requirements appear written or oral tests as means of examining suitable for job. The various test include intelligence test aptitude test, trade test, general personality test, psychological test and proficiency. http://www.informationbible.com/article-training-versus-develpoment-181546.html Wed, 28 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Case study method presents a trainee with a written description of an organisational problem. The person then analyzes the case, diagnoses the problem and presents his or her findings and solutions in discussion with other trainees. http://www.informationbible.com/article-performance-management-and-methods-of-performance-appraisal-181594.html Wed, 28 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Performance management practices through which managers work with their employees to define the goals of company and develop employee capabilities through training measure and review employees performance in order to reward performance. http://www.informationbible.com/article-various-factors-for-establishing-pay-rates-181605.html Wed, 28 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The employees should be informed about the procedures used to establish wage rates. Every employee should be informed of his position and of the wage and salary structure. Secrecy in wage matters should not be used as a cover up for haphazard and unreasonable wage programme. http://www.informationbible.com/article-career-planning-and-development-181627.html Wed, 28 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Career Planning is a sequence of attitudes and behaviour associated with the series of job and work related activities over a persons life time. Career Planning evaluate ones abilities and interests, considering alternative career opportunities. http://www.informationbible.com/article-lewin-three-step-model-for-change-181269.html Tue, 27 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Force field analysis addresses the driving and resisting forces in a change situation. Driving forces must outweigh resisting forces in a situation if change is to occur. Thus, managers must be willing to advocate change strongly in order to overcome resistance from employees. http://www.informationbible.com/article-information-system-180947.html Tue, 27 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Operation Support System. Process business transaction. Control industrial process. Support enterprise communication and collaboration. Update corporate database. http://www.informationbible.com/article-models-of-change-181267.html Tue, 27 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Force field analysis addresses the driving and resisting forces in a change situation. Driving forces must outweigh resisting forces in a situation if change is to occur. Thus, managers must be willing to advocate change strongly in order to overcome resistance from employees. http://www.informationbible.com/article-responsibilities-of-change-managers-181278.html Tue, 27 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Managing change can be a reactive or a proactive process, and there are a number of different models of organizational change. Each model emphasizes different approaches to understanding and managing change. In many of these models, the role of the change manager is emphasized. http://www.informationbible.com/article-operation-support-system-181141.html Tue, 27 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Physical production processors are automatically made by computer. Computer monitors a chemical process, capture process data detected by sensors and instant adjustment to appropriate refinery processes. http://www.informationbible.com/article-computer-system-181000.html Tue, 27 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT A network is the collection of computers and peripheral devices that are able to communicate or share information with each other. They are connected with each other by the cable or without cable.Computer is an electronic device in which we feed information throws input devices and gets desired resu http://www.informationbible.com/article-proposal-for-fee-increase-181234.html Tue, 27 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Change Communicate need for fee increase to membership Get small group of individuals committed to increased fees to help Devote extra energy to those who have difficulty accepting the fee increase Negotiate better services for increased fees http://www.informationbible.com/article-integrated-applications-180955.html Tue, 27 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Business process Re-engineering combines a strategy of promoting business innovations with a strategy of making major improvements of business processes so that the company can become a much stronger and more successful competitor in the market place. http://www.informationbible.com/article-use-of-intranet-and-extranet-in-business-180962.html Tue, 27 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Software connects two or more computer over network. So a team can share, markup, revise a whiteboard of drawing, documents displayed on their screens. http://www.informationbible.com/article-financial-information-system-180972.html Tue, 27 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT It uses spreadsheets and other financial planning software to evaluate the present and projected financial performance of a business. http://www.informationbible.com/article-computer-software-181003.html Tue, 27 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT A Program is a set of an instruction that computer can execute step by step where as Software is a collection of programs that are used to make any new application as well as new application software. There are number of operating system available in the market like: - WINDOWS, LINUX, UNIX etc. http://www.informationbible.com/article-business-application-of-information-technology-181009.html Tue, 27 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Goal on interactive marketing is to attract and keep customer who will become partners with a business in creating, purchasing and improving products and services. http://www.informationbible.com/article-virtual-organization-181014.html Tue, 27 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT A global company is a business that is driven by a global strategy, which enables it to plan and treat all of its activities in the context of a whole world i.e. global system and therefore serve its Local and global customer with excellence. http://www.informationbible.com/article-system-and-system-security-181037.html Tue, 27 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Input: - Input is related to the information that we are giving for further processing. b) Output: - When we do processing on input and the final result after processing is known as output. c) Control: - Control component control the whole processing that done on input. http://www.informationbible.com/article-network-technologies-181145.html Tue, 27 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT A network is an interconnected collection of autonomous computer (stand alone computer) that is connected with wires or without wires. Two computers are said to be interconnected if they are capable of exchanging information. http://www.informationbible.com/article-virtual-organization-questions-for-mba-students-181149.html Tue, 27 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Virtual organization is also known as virtual corporation or virtual memory. Virtual memory is the most important used in Information technology. An organization that uses it to link people, Assets and ideas. http://www.informationbible.com/article-bullock-and-batten-phases-of-planned-change-181271.html Tue, 27 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Finally, integration begins when all actions in the change plan have taken place. Integration occurs when the changes have been aligned with the organization and there is some degree of formalization, such as through policies and procedures in the organization. http://www.informationbible.com/article-william-bridges-managing-the-transition-181276.html Tue, 27 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Ending is similar to Lewin's concept of unfreezing in that you must end a current situation before you can begin something new. So, in this phase, old structures, practices, and behaviors must be stopped. Ideally, this ending can be commemorated or marked in some way. In the second phase. http://www.informationbible.com/article-perosnality-180358.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Personality may be defined as those inner characteristics which helps psychological in nature that both determine and reflect how a person responds to his or her environment. http://www.informationbible.com/article-subliminal-perception-180369.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Perception is the process by which the sensory organs of an individual selects, organizes and interprets the stimuli from the environment. http://www.informationbible.com/article-role-of-sales-manager-180373.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Sales Force Management: The Sales Manager checks the sources of recruitment and sets the standards for selections. http://www.informationbible.com/article-uses-of-hierarchy-of-needs-180356.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT USES OF HIERARCHY OF NEEDS- a) Innovators:- Innovators are the first ones to try and adopt a new innovation. Though only 25% of the populations are innovators, marketers are always interested in identifying them. http://www.informationbible.com/article-redistricting-to-adjust-for-coverage-difficulty-180379.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Redistricting to adjust for coverage difficulty 1. Determine the number, location and size of customers and prospects in each tentative territory. 2. Estimate time required for each sales call. http://www.informationbible.com/article-sales-territories-180378.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Sales people are not only responsible for individual customers (account management) but they are also responsible for a group of accounts (territory management) establishment of sales territories facilities matching selling effort with sales opportunity http://www.informationbible.com/article-significance-of-industrial-relations-180345.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The healthy industrial relations are key to the progress and success. Their significance may be discussed as under http://www.informationbible.com/article-objectives-of-sales-management-180372.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Nowadays the entire Sales Executives are professionals they plan and build the effective organisation. Basically the professional approach requires thorough Analysis. Appropriate sales policies and personal selling strategy. Sales executive are responsible towards customers and society. http://www.informationbible.com/article-size-of-sales-force-180376.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT After determining the kind of sales person that best fits the companys needs, management now determines how many are required to meet the sales volume and profit objectives http://www.informationbible.com/article-sales-meeting-180380.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Sales meeting are important for both communication and motivational purposes. They provide occasion for management to stimulate the group to raise its standards as to reasonable and acceptable performance. http://www.informationbible.com/article-steps-in-obtaining-work-control-180386.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT A good system for controlling salesmens work involves these four basic steps: Deciding what goals your group should strive to attain; and deciding what activities your salesmen should undertake in order to reach these goals. http://www.informationbible.com/article-theories-of-personalities-180359.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Freudian Theory:- - Sigmund Freud - Psychoanalytical theory This theory was build on the premise that unconscious needs or drives, especially biological drives, are at the heart of human motivation and personality. http://www.informationbible.com/article-causes-of-industrial-disputes-180346.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT General causes of industrial disputes strains which results in bad industrial relations are. 1. Close mindedness of employers and employees one thinking to extract maximum work with minimum remuneration, other thinking to avoid work and get more enhancement in pay and wages. http://www.informationbible.com/article-how-to-reduce-industrial-disputes-180347.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Suggestions for the improvement of industrial relations and reduce disputes 1. Trade unions should be strengthened democratically so that they can understand and toe with the main stream of the national industrial activities. http://www.informationbible.com/article-factors-affecting-behavior-of-employees-180348.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT industrial relation encompasses all such factors that influence behavior of people at work. A few such important factors are below: http://www.informationbible.com/article-reasons-for-industrial-discard-180349.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The main reasons for industrial discard, can be due to 1. Misunderstanding or differences in perception 2. Lack of co operation real or imagined http://www.informationbible.com/article-causes-of-industrial-disorder-180352.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Causes of industrial disorder in India :- 1) Financial Aspects a) Demand for increase of wages, salaries and other perks. workers demand goes on increasing with the increase in cost of living http://www.informationbible.com/article-consumer-behavior-180354.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT A Consumer is an individual of a set of individuals who have an actual or potential interest in the purchase of usage of any Product. Idea or a Service. http://www.informationbible.com/article-needs-of-consumer-180355.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The physiological needs are the first and the most basic level of human needs. These needs which are required to sustain biological life, include food, water, air, shelter, clothing, sex etc. http://www.informationbible.com/article-forecasting-product-sale-180375.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Sales Forecasting is an estimate of sales in a future period under a particular marketing program. Forecasting is also made for the economic and other factors. http://www.informationbible.com/article-reliable-report-from-salesmen-180388.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Here are three questions to be asked to determine just how necessary a report a request for information might be http://www.informationbible.com/article-methods-of-recruiting-sales-force-180377.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Both the HR functions are an important part of implementing the selling strategy. But it is not enough. Training is also very necessary. http://www.informationbible.com/article-sales-context-180381.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Sales context A sale context is a specific selling campaign offering incentives in the form of award beyond those in the compensation plan. http://www.informationbible.com/article-sales-quotas-and-sales-budget-180382.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Quotas are quantitative objectives assigned to sales organisational until they specify desired performance level for sales volume such as http://www.informationbible.com/article-sales-budget-180383.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT A budget is simply a tool, a financial plan, that an administrator uses to plan for profits by anticipating revenues and expenditure. http://www.informationbible.com/article-budget-making-procedure-180384.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Budget making procedure:- 1. Translate the Sales forecast into the work that must be done to achieve the forecast. 2. Each administrative unit must determine how much money it will need to meet the performance goals for it. http://www.informationbible.com/article-sales-audit-sales-analysis-and-cost-analysis-180389.html Sun, 25 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT A sale audit is a systematic and comprehensive critical and unbiased review and appraisal of the basic objectives and the policies of the selling function and of the organization, methods, procedures and personnel employed to implement those policies and achieve those objectives. http://www.informationbible.com/article-main-objectives-of-employers-association-179972.html Fri, 23 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The main objective of CII are:- Identifying, reinforcing industries, globalisation, awareness, adaptability, promoting cooperation etc. http://www.informationbible.com/article-industrial-relations-179944.html Fri, 23 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Industrial relations include following concept. 1) Rules for employment management 2) Rules and regulation. 3) Role of State Government bodies. 4) Harmonious relations and technology. http://www.informationbible.com/article-approaches-of-industrial-relations-179969.html Fri, 23 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The psychologists are of the view that the problem of IR are deeply looked in the perception and the attitude of focal perception on his behaviour has been widely studied by Mason tiarie. http://www.informationbible.com/article-descipline-in-industry-179954.html Fri, 23 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Discipline is very essential for a healthy industrial atmosphere and the achievement of organisational goals. Discipline in industry may be described as willing cooperation and observance of the rules and regulations of the organisation. Discipline is essential to a democratic way of life. http://www.informationbible.com/article-role-of-industrial-relation-179947.html Fri, 23 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT According to all industrialized developing and underdeveloped economies steps have been taken by the State to promote a healthy growth of trade union and set up a well- organized individual relations machinery to achieve industrial peace. http://www.informationbible.com/article-responsibility-of-descipline-179963.html Fri, 23 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Discipline is the orderly conduct of affairs by the members of an organisation. There are two aspects of discipline Positive and negative aspects. http://www.informationbible.com/article-nature-and-scope-of-industrial-relations-179965.html Fri, 23 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Industrial Relations are viewed as the process by which people and their organisation interact at the place of work to establish the terms and conditions of employment. The process of interaction stressed not just the resulting standard. http://www.informationbible.com/article-status-of-industrial-relations-179974.html Fri, 23 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT It was presumed that there structural changes would arrest growing inertia that has set in the economy due to its mis-management and continuance of unrealistic economic policies for more than over decodes http://www.informationbible.com/article-trade-union-179977.html Fri, 23 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Trade Union Act was set up in 1926. Trade union is an combination whether temporary or permanent formed primarily for the purpose of regulating the relation between workmen and employees, workers and workers, between employees and employees or for imposing restrictive conditions or conduct of any tr http://www.informationbible.com/article-role-of-trade-union-179979.html Fri, 23 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Role towards the trade union member:- To safeguard the workers conditions and parties, education , housing, co-operative To ensure health, safe, protect conducive work condition. To guarantee a fair deal and social justice to workers. To make the workers aware about their rights and http://www.informationbible.com/article-future-of-trade-union-179984.html Fri, 23 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Future of Trade Union: In India trade unions are regulated by the Indian trade union act 1926. All present there are about 48000 registered workers. Unions and 10 central labour organizations in our country. http://www.informationbible.com/article-types-of-trade-union-179988.html Fri, 23 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Trade union has been one of the first fruits of industrial revolution Trade union can be classified under two heads. A) Union classification according to the purpose Under this head normally tow types of union falling I) Reformist II) Revolutionary III) Other types of Trade Union I) R http://www.informationbible.com/article-function-of-trade-union-179992.html Fri, 23 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT General function of trade union: Improvement in workers working conditions and protection. It consists of regular hour of work, shift working and paid holiday and limit of overtime workers others improvements in wages periodical test, leave. http://www.informationbible.com/article-international-labour-organization-180002.html Fri, 23 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The ILO is a tripartite organisation consisting of representatives of the government employers and workers of the member countries. India has been an active member of the ILO. http://www.informationbible.com/article-industry-grievances-180010.html Fri, 23 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Grievance procedure is an important element of a sound industrial relations machinery prompt and effective disposal of workers grievance is the key to industrial peace. http://www.informationbible.com/article-importance-of-collective-bargaining-180012.html Fri, 23 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Collective bargaining is concerned with relations between unions representing employees and employer. It involves the process of union organisation of employees, negotiation, administration, hours of work, engaging in concerned economic action and disputes settlement procedure. http://www.informationbible.com/article-methods-of-collective-bargaining-180015.html Fri, 23 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The level of enterprise there may occur. a) Company bargaining between representatives of union and management. b) National bargaining may occurs at the level of industry between the representatives of a union or a federation of employers association. http://www.informationbible.com/article-process-of-collective-budgeting-180018.html Fri, 23 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Negotiation state:- Certain proposals are put forward which explore the possibility of their acceptance and have the way to mutually agreed terms after careful deliberation and consideration. The negotiation involve three steps http://www.informationbible.com/article-employee-empowerment-180023.html Fri, 23 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Empowerment mean to enable, to give power, to allow or to permit. Empowerment as an act of building, development and increasing power. Empowerments as a motivational concept associated with enabling rather than delegating. Empowerment process include u-step model- preparation, creak tommer, vision a http://www.informationbible.com/article-evaluation-of-political-risk-179448.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Assessment of political risk is first step before a firm moves to abroad. It is because if such risks are very high, the firm would no like to operate in that country. http://www.informationbible.com/article-difficulties-in-evaluation-advertising-effectiveness-179242.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT There are many difficulties and hindrances in the evaluation of advertisement effectiveness. The main difficulties are as following 1) Advertising is not the only f actor affecting sales: http://www.informationbible.com/article-political-risk-management-179451.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The political risk management strategy depends upon the types of the risk and the degree of risk the investment carries. http://www.informationbible.com/article-global-competitiveness-179524.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Global competitiveness is defined as the ability of a national economy to achieve sustained high rates of economic growth on the basis of suitable policies, industrial and other economic characteristics. http://www.informationbible.com/article-foreign-investment-179456.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT It is an investment in the share and debt securities of companies abroad in the secondary market nearly for sake of returns and not in the interest of the management of the company http://www.informationbible.com/article-legal-regulations-on-advertising-179200.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Today advertisers face several legal restrictions. Consumer-movement has forced the government to pass laws to regulate advertising and protect consumer interest. Legal restrictions and regulations are enforced by Government to check deceptive and misleading advertisements http://www.informationbible.com/article-factor-proportions-theory-or-heckschar-and-ohlin-model-179479.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The theory explains that a country should produce and export a commodity that primarily involves a factor of production abundantly available in the country. http://www.informationbible.com/article-advertisement-efficiency-measurement-179240.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Advertising is a non personal form of mass communication whose objective is to attract attaintion, to provide information about the product, increase in sales, brand popularity, and improvement in image of the product, brand and institution. http://www.informationbible.com/article-international-business-179440.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT business is increasingly becoming international or global in its competitive environment, orientation, content and strategic intent http://www.informationbible.com/article-economic-environment-179443.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Apart from the political and legal environment, the economic environment also influences international business decision. http://www.informationbible.com/article-political-environnent-and-political-risk-179447.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The political environment is an important factor that influences the international business, especially when it is different between the home and host country. Political setup vary widely between the two extremes http://www.informationbible.com/article-world-trade-179455.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT For quite a long time, global trade has grown faster than word output and the trend is likely to continue in future. Exports of developing countries have been growing faster than those of the developed http://www.informationbible.com/article-balance-of-payments-179459.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Balance of payments is a statement showing a countrys commercial transaction with rest of the world. It shows outflow and inflow of foreign exchange. http://www.informationbible.com/article-equlibrium-179464.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT since the BOP is constructed on the basis of double entry book keeping, credit is always equal to debit. http://www.informationbible.com/article-disequilibrium-179467.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT In economic terms, BOP equilibrium occurs when surplus or deficit is eliminated from the balance of payments. http://www.informationbible.com/article-adjustments-179470.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Disequilibrium becomes a cause of concerns when it is associated with the current account http://www.informationbible.com/article-trade-theory-179475.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Theory of Absolute Cost Advantage : Adam Smith compounded this theory of international trade in 1976. He was of the opinion that productive efficiency differed among different countries because of diversity in natural and acquired resources possessed by them. http://www.informationbible.com/article-neo-factor-proportion-theory-179481.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Extending Leontiefs view, some of the economist emphasis on the point that it is not only the abundance of a particular factor, but also the quality of that factor of production that influences the pattern of international trade http://www.informationbible.com/article-national-competitive-advantage-179482.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT This theory explains that countries seek to improve their national competitiveness by developing successful industries. The success of targeted industries depends upon a host of factors that are termed the diamond of national advantage. http://www.informationbible.com/article-investment-theory-179484.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT There are a number of investment theories. Except for MacDougall hypothesis, investment theories are primarily based on imperfect market conditions. A few of them are based on imperfect capital market. http://www.informationbible.com/article-tariff-and-non-tariff-barriers-179487.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT International trade is affected by a number of factors including government policies. The government endeavor to promote export and import in many countries are hit by protectionism and trade barriers http://www.informationbible.com/article-theories-of-exchange-rate-determinants-179491.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT It is the interplay of demand and supply that determines the exchange rate between two countries in a floating rate-regime http://www.informationbible.com/article-determinants-of-exchange-rate-in-forward-market-179498.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The determination of exchange rate in a forward market finds an important in the theory of Interest Rate Parity (IRP). http://www.informationbible.com/article-euro-currency-179511.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Interest Rate Parity Theory (IRP): The determination of exchange rate in a forward market finds an important in the theory of Interest Rate Parity (IRP). http://www.informationbible.com/article-international-monetary-fund-imf-179516.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT It was created in 1945 to help and promote the health of world economy. It has its Headquarters in Washington DC. It is governed by and accountable to the governments of 184 countries http://www.informationbible.com/article-ibrd-or-world-bank-179517.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The IBRD whose capital is subscribed by its member countries, finance its lending operation primarily from its own borrowings in the world capital market http://www.informationbible.com/article-regional-blocks-179521.html Thu, 22 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT There has been a proliferation of regional economic integration schemes or trade blocks, designed to achieve economic, social and political purposes. http://www.informationbible.com/article-unfair-trade-practices-of-mrtp-act-179197.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT For preventing deceptive and misleading advertisement, MRTP Act has declared certain trade practices as unfair. These Unfair Trade Practices are controlled by MRTP Act. http://www.informationbible.com/article-promotion-mix-178964.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Promotion mix is a particular combination of promotion tools used by a company to communicate with the audiences. There are 5 major tools: advertising, sales promotion, publicity, personal selling and direct marketing. http://www.informationbible.com/article-advertising-aspects-179189.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Social aspect of advertising:- Advertising affects various aspects of social and cultural of the people. It affects life style, Cultural-Values, Standard of living, Media, Tastes, Likings etc http://www.informationbible.com/article-evaluation-of-print-advertising-media-179168.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Print media is also known as press advertising. It is one of the media of communication also with broadcast media and outdoor advertising media. http://www.informationbible.com/article-effects-of-advertising-179190.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT A) Effect on Production Cost: Advertising create demand and expand market size, this necessitate mass production. http://www.informationbible.com/article-advertisement-copies-179002.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Design and production of advertisement involves a number of activities, among them are writing copy, Developing illustrations, developing other visual elements of advertisement and bringing all pieces together to create effective ad-copy. http://www.informationbible.com/article-selection-of-an-advertising-agency-179182.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The advertiser must be very careful in selecting the advertising agency. The success of advertising-compaign largely depends on the selection of suitable ad-agency. There are about 625 registered advertising agencies operating in India. http://www.informationbible.com/article-ethical-aspect-of-advertising-179193.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Ethics are moral principles are values that govern the action of individual or group. It is a branch of social- science which helps us to choose between good and bad, right and wrongs. http://www.informationbible.com/article-factors-affecting-advertising-budget-179177.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Factors affecting the Advertising Budget 1)Market Size 2)Stage in Product Life Cycle. 3)Advertising Strategy 4)Product Differentiation http://www.informationbible.com/article-advertising-budget-and-steps-in-budgeting-179172.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Quantitative expression of future plan of activities prepared for fix period of time. Advertising budget is a financial document that show the total amount to be spent on advertising and list the way this amount is to be allocated http://www.informationbible.com/article-factors-affecting-the-promotion-mix-178977.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Factors affecting the Promotion mix 1) Nature of Product a) Consumer Goods - Advertising b) Industrial Goods - Personal selling http://www.informationbible.com/article-procedure-of-determining-promotion-mix-178975.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Procedure of Determining Promotion Mix Determination of promotion mix refers to selection and combination of different elements of promotion mix for achieving the promotional objectives. http://www.informationbible.com/article-features-of-advertisement-178982.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Features of Advertisement: 1) Paid form :- Advertisement is never free of cost. The company has to make the payment to the media used for advertisement. The payment can be large can be small depending upon media-circulation, type/ nature of media and media popularity http://www.informationbible.com/article-scope-of-advertisement-178984.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT 1) Increase in Ad functions Earlier ads were designed to satisfy informative needs of buyers in the form of public announcements but now advertising includes building brand image, Brand Loyalty, and persuading the buyer to purchase the product. http://www.informationbible.com/article-communication-process-178988.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Communication has been defined as a process in which exchange of ideas and information takes place among different persons. It is a circular process which means that there are various steps one after the other. http://www.informationbible.com/article-classification-of-advertising-178990.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The objective of advertising differ under different situations. One advertiser may seek to generate immediate response from the customer; another may seek to develop awareness orpositive image for its product over a longer period. http://www.informationbible.com/article-steps-in-creative-design-process-178995.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Creating unique, novel, and selling ideas is known as creativity in advertisement. Advertising creativity is an art; it is the ability to generate fresh, original and unique idea in communicating with the target audience http://www.informationbible.com/article-elements-or-components-of-print-advertising-copy-178998.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Copy is prepared after combining various components or elements of Ad-copy. Elements/ Components of ad-copy made for different media are different. http://www.informationbible.com/article-illustrations-and-types-of-illustrations-178999.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT It is the visual elements of print-ad-copy. It may be in the form of attractive photo of the product, drawing, cartoons, pictures, symbols graphs, paintings. http://www.informationbible.com/article-media-planning-179006.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Media plan decides how advertising time and space in various media will be used to achieve the advertising and marketing objective of the company http://www.informationbible.com/article-steps-of-media-planning-179013.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Media plan decides how advertising time and space in various media will be used to achieve the advertising and marketing objective of the company. http://www.informationbible.com/article-factors-affecting-media-planning-179016.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Product to be advertised can be industrial/technical product or consumer product: Industrial/Technical products can better be advertised in their specific trade-journals/magazines. http://www.informationbible.com/article-media-planning-factors-179020.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT While planning for media the advertiser must consider the media selected by competitors and leaders of that industry. If advertiser does-not consider competitors and leaders of that industry. http://www.informationbible.com/article-broad-cast-media-179171.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT It includes advertisement in ratio, television , cable etc. It differs from print advertising media as it has both audio and visual effect. http://www.informationbible.com/article-advertisement-budget-179176.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Every advertiser sets apart a sum of money to be spent on advertising which is refered to as advertising appropriation http://www.informationbible.com/article-what-is-advertising-agency-179180.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Media, advertiser, advertising agency. The person who decide to advertise the product is called advertiser, sponsor or clint. Media refers to the vehicle that carries the message to public. The sponsor often relies on some outside experts to perform task involved in launching of the product http://www.informationbible.com/article-client-agency-relationship-179184.html Wed, 21 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Clint agency relationship between advertiser and the ad-agency. Cordial Relationship with full trust and confidence is must to get maximum from ad agency and agencycan also work with free hand. http://www.informationbible.com/article-sdlc-introduction-178636.html Tue, 20 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Life cycle of software development is a gradual process followed in software development. Today, SDLC involves teams of experts in various fields such as analysts, testers, architects, programmers, and even end users. http://www.informationbible.com/article-phases-of-system-development-life-cycle-178642.html Tue, 20 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Phases of system development life cycle Preliminary Investigation: One of the most tedious task is to recognize the real problem of the pre-installed system. The analysis has to spend hours and days for understanding the fault in the system. http://www.informationbible.com/article-change-in-demand-178059.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT (A) Movement Along Demand Curve : Other things remaining the same, when the quantity demanded changes consequent upon the change in price only, then this change is shown by different points along the same demand curve http://www.informationbible.com/article-improving-business-qualities-177701.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT One of the strategic business values of information technology is its role in making major improvements in a companys business processes. Investment in information technology http://www.informationbible.com/article-baumols-theory-of-sales-revenue-maximization-178027.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Baumols theory of sales maximization is an alternative theory of firm’s behaviour. http://www.informationbible.com/article-law-of-demand-178065.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Demand is defined as the quantities of a product which a consumer is not only desiring to purchase and able to purchase but is also ready to purchase at given prices at a given point of time. http://www.informationbible.com/article-peak-load-pricing-178035.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT It is a form of price discrimination where the monopolist charges a higher price for peak use than for a non-peak use. http://www.informationbible.com/article-limit-pricing-178037.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT A firm may also try to establish a price that Meaning of Limit Pricing :– reduced or eliminates the threat of entry of new firms into the industry http://www.informationbible.com/article-objective-of-business-process-reengineering-177700.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT 1. To reduce cost. 2. To reduce time. 3. For customer satisfaction. 4. For organizational learning. 5. To improve customer service. 6. To reinvent the basic rules of the business. http://www.informationbible.com/article-pricing-strategies-and-tactics-178043.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Every firm has to take pricing decisions from time to time depending upon its pricing policies and conditions prevailing in the market http://www.informationbible.com/article-determinants-of-demand-178053.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Demand of a consumer for a particular commodity is determined by the following factors: (1) Price of Commodity : There is an inverse relationship between price and demand for a commodity. http://www.informationbible.com/article-business-process-reengineering-177699.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT One of the most important implementations of competitive strategies is Business Process Reengineering (BPR). A fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in cost, quality, speed and services. http://www.informationbible.com/article-information-system-analysis-177704.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT System analysis is the analysis of the problem that the organization will try to solve with an information system. It consists of defining the problem, identifying its causes http://www.informationbible.com/article-system-development-life-cycle-177869.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle):- System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a well-defined process by which a system is conceived, developed and implemented. In other words, a System Development Life Cycle is a framework for developing computer based information system. http://www.informationbible.com/article-factors-which-affect-hardware-and-software-acquisition-177873.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Hardware and software are essential parts of the computer system. Computer system is not complete without any one of them. Hardware parts are those we can touch and can be placed from one place to another http://www.informationbible.com/article-process-of-testing-177877.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Testing is vital to the success of the system. Testing is done at different stages during the implementation phase. System testing provides logical assumptions that if all the parts of the system are correct http://www.informationbible.com/article-types-of-testing-177880.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT During system testing, the following activities must be tested. 1. Outputs - The system is tested to see whether it provides the described outputs correctly and efficiently. 2. Response Time - A system is expected to response quickly during data entry, modifications and quer http://www.informationbible.com/article-documentation-177882.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Documentation means preparation of written descriptions of the scope, purpose, information flow components and operating procedure of the system http://www.informationbible.com/article-explain-in-breif-the-concept-of-profit-178021.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Profit means different things to different people. The word profit has different meaning to businessmen, accountants, tax collectors, workers and economists. http://www.informationbible.com/article-managerial-economics-177973.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Managerial economics is the study of economic theories, logic and tools of economic analysis that are used in the process of business decision making http://www.informationbible.com/article-scope-of-managerial-economics-177976.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Managerial economics is the application of economic theories in the process of decision-making and formulation of future plans http://www.informationbible.com/article-economic-analysis-and-management-177981.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Managerial economics attempts to reconcile the tools, techniques, models and theories of economics with actual business practices and with the environment in which a firm has to operate. http://www.informationbible.com/article-managerial-economist-and-his-role-177985.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Managerial Economist is an expert who counsels business management in economic matters and problems faced by a business organization http://www.informationbible.com/article-responsibilities-of-a-managerial-economist-177988.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT To make reasonable profits on capital employed : He must have strong conviction that profits are essential and his main obligation is to assist the management in earning reasonable profits on capital invested by the firm. http://www.informationbible.com/article-objectives-of-business-firms-177994.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Conventional theory of firm assumes profit maximization, as the sole objective of business firms. Recent researchers on this issue reveal that the objectives that business firms pursue are more than one. http://www.informationbible.com/article-short-note-on-short-run-178001.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Short-Run refers to that time period in which supply of a commodity can be increased only up to its existing production capacity. http://www.informationbible.com/article-short-note-on-long-run-178004.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Long-Run refers to that time period in which supply of a commodity can be increased or decreased according to the changed conditions of demand. http://www.informationbible.com/article-industry-178008.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The group of firms producing homogenous products is called industry. Homogeneous products are those products in which it is not possible to make any distinction between the units of the commodity being sold by different sellers http://www.informationbible.com/article-classification-of-goods-178011.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT 1. Consumers Goods : Those goods which are directly put to use are called consumers goods. These goods are used in our daily life. For example:- Bread, Cloth, Medicines etc. http://www.informationbible.com/article-classification-of-market-178013.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT In economics the term market refers not necessarily to a particular place but to the mechanism by which buyers and sellers are brought together. http://www.informationbible.com/article-opportunity-cost-178016.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The concept of opportunity cost is extremely important in economic analysis. We know that the cost is the value of inputs in the process of production. http://www.informationbible.com/article-explain-in-breif-the-concept-of-risk-178018.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT In common practice, risk means a low profitability of an expected outcome. From business decision-making point of view, risk refers to a situation in which business decision is expected to yield more than one outcome and the profitability of each outcome is known to the decision makers http://www.informationbible.com/article-nature-of-margin-analysis-178023.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The concept of marginal is widely used in economic analysis. The nature of marginal analysis : (1) Marginal analysis is related to a unit change in independent variable, say, increase in cost as a result of a unit change in output, increase in product as a result of a unit change in labour etc http://www.informationbible.com/article-average-cost-pricing-178029.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Average cost pricing is also known as mark-up pricing, cost-plus pricing or full cost pricing. The average cost pricing is the most common method of pricing used by the manufacturing firms http://www.informationbible.com/article-average-cost-pricing-and-its-limitations-178032.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT (1) In case of a multi-product firm with large common cost, average cost if far easier to calculate than the marginal cost. http://www.informationbible.com/article-multiple-product-pricing-or-product-line-pricing-178041.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The price theory or microeconomics models of price determination are based on the assumption that a firm produces a single, homogenous product http://www.informationbible.com/article-transfer-pricing-178048.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The large size firms divide their operation very often into product divisions or subsidiaries. Growing firms add new divisions or departments to the existing ones. http://www.informationbible.com/article-demand-and-its-various-types-178051.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Demand is defined as the quantities of a product which a consumer is not only desiring to purchase and able to purchase but is also ready to purchase at given prices at a given point of time. http://www.informationbible.com/article-causes-of-law-of-demand-178068.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT A consumer demands a commodity because it has utility. As he consumes more and more units of a commodity, in a given time, the utility derived from each successive unit goes on diminishing http://www.informationbible.com/article-importance-of-price-elasticity-of-demand-178077.html Mon, 19 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT (1) Determination of Price under Monopoly : A monopolist always takes into consideration the price elasticity of demand of his product while determining its price. http://www.informationbible.com/article-role-of-dss-in-business-177679.html Sun, 18 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT DSS is computer based information system for management decision maker who deal with the semi-structured problems. DSS play an important role in business. It performs various activities. The role of DSS is explained as follows:- 1. What if analysis 2. Goal oriented http://www.informationbible.com/article-role-of-information-system-in-business-177687.html Sun, 18 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Information System is combination of two terms, namely - 1. Information 2. System 1. Information - Information is data which has been processed into a form that is meaningful to the recipient and is of real or perceived value in current or prospective actions or decision http://www.informationbible.com/article-functional-roles-of-information-system-177688.html Sun, 18 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT 1. Lower Costs - a) Us IT to substantially reduce the cost of business processes. b) Use IT to lower the costs of customers or suppliers. 2. Differentiate- a) Develop new IT features to differentiate products and services. b) Use IT features to reduce the http://www.informationbible.com/article-define-decision-support-system-177670.html Sun, 18 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT A decision support system is an information system application that assists decision making. DSS tends to be used in planning, analyzing, alternatives and trial and error search for solutions. http://www.informationbible.com/article-decision-support-system-objectives-and-needs-177671.html Sun, 18 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Objectives of DSS: -The objective of the DSS are as stated below: - 1. Provide assistance to decision makers in situations which are semi-structured. 2. Identify plans and potential actions to resolve problems. 3. Rank among the solutions identified, those which can be implem http://www.informationbible.com/article-steps-in-constructing-decison-support-system-177678.html Sun, 18 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT There are following steps which are constructing the DSS. 1. Identification of the problem: - In this stage the developer and the knowledge engineer interact to identify the problems. The following points are discussed:- a) The scope and extent are analyzed. b) The retur http://www.informationbible.com/article-information-system-for-strategic-advantage-177690.html Sun, 18 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Strategic role of information systems involves using information technology to develop products, services and capabilities that give a company strategic advantages over the competitive forces it faces in the global market place. http://www.informationbible.com/article-components-and-classification-of-dss-177674.html Sun, 18 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Components of DSS: -The main component of DSS is 1. Hardware 2. Software 1. Hardware: - Hardware is that parts of the computer system that can be touched. These are tangible parts. Without hardware, software is nothing. Hardware is just like human body and software is lik http://www.informationbible.com/article-classification-of-decision-support-system-177676.html Sun, 18 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT (i) Fie Drawer Systems :- This is a system which provide the user with organized information regarding specific demands. This system provides on-line information. This is very useful system for decision making. (ii) Data Analysis Systems: - These decision systems are based on http://www.informationbible.com/article-characteristics-of-group-decision-support-system-177681.html Sun, 18 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Group decision support system (DSS):- A group decision support system is a decision support system that facilitates decision making by a team of decision markets working as a group. The importance of collective decisions is being felt today. http://www.informationbible.com/article-group-decision-support-system-advantages-and-disadvantages-177682.html Sun, 18 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Advantages of GDSS 1. Take better decision. 2. To solve the problem. 3. To minimize the risk. 4. To collect large amount of information. 5. To provide interactive communication. 6. Improve the decision making process. 7. To make coordination i http://www.informationbible.com/article-components-of-gdss-and-group-decision-making-177684.html Sun, 18 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Components of GDSS :The main components of GDSS is explained as follows:- 1. Hardware : It includes Single PC, Computer PCs and Keypads, a decision room, distributed GDSS, Audio Visual Aids, Network Equipment etc. http://www.informationbible.com/article-use-of-information-system-in-business-177693.html Sun, 18 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The use of information system has been increasing day by day. It helps to give a competitive advantage over business rivals. http://www.informationbible.com/article-breaking-business-barriers-177695.html Sun, 18 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT The Information Technology breaks traditional barriers to strategic business success. Computer and telecommunications networks can help a business develop strategic relationship by establishing new electronic linkages with customers, suppliers and other business entities. http://www.informationbible.com/article-significance-of-research-175387.html Mon, 12 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Research is an art of scientific investigation. Research covers the search for and retrieval of information for a specific purpose. http://www.informationbible.com/article-objectives-of-research-175384.html Mon, 12 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT All researchers aim at finding answer to questions by applying certain scientific procedures. Research investigates the truth, which is hidden and tries to find solution to existing problem which have not been discovered yet. http://www.informationbible.com/article-what-is-advertising-172093.html Thu, 01 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Consumer is the central point in every business. Now a days, attracting and satisfying customers is more difficult than producing the goods. For many products, many brands are available in the market. Every company wants to improve the market shares. http://www.informationbible.com/article-web-marketing-and-green-marketing-172148.html Thu, 01 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT Web Marketing : This is also known as online marketing means marketing the organizations products on the virtual medium. In this format buyers and seller exchanges the products on the internet. http://www.informationbible.com/article-international-marketing-172155.html Thu, 01 Mar 2012 13:00:00 GMT There are a variety of ways in which organizations can enter foreign markets. The three main ways are by direct or indirect export or production in a foreign country. http://www.informationbible.com/article-scope-of-marketing-171746.html Wed, 29 Feb 2012 13:00:00 GMT The scope of marketing can be understood in terms of functions that a marketing manager performs. In most of the business enterprises, marketing department is set up under supervision of the marketing manager. The functions of marketing may be classified into four categories http://www.informationbible.com/article-market-segmentation-171787.html Wed, 29 Feb 2012 13:00:00 GMT Market segmentation is the process of dividing a total market into group of consumers who have relatively similar product needs. http://www.informationbible.com/article-define-marketing-171745.html Wed, 29 Feb 2012 13:00:00 GMT Marketing is a pervasive phenomenon in the present day world. Every day we are exposed to marketing of goods, services, and ideas. Marketing may be defined as a process by which goods and services are exchanged and the valu http://www.informationbible.com/article-biometric-scanning-167348.html Thu, 16 Feb 2012 13:00:00 GMT Retina scanning is a form of security where people are identified by a scan that analyses the blood vessels at the back of the eye. Retina scan security usually involves a low-intensity light source and optical coupler, which can read the blood vessels with accuracy. http://www.informationbible.com/article-technology-security-issues-167369.html Thu, 16 Feb 2012 13:00:00 GMT The long-term viability of the iPhone is unlikely to be seriously damaged by reports of a serious security vulnerability that allows hackers to take over the device. http://www.informationbible.com/article-computer-graphics-mcq-questions-162103.html Wed, 01 Feb 2012 13:00:00 GMT 1. There are TWO PARTS in this Module/Paper. PART ONE contains FOUR questions and PART TWO contains FIVE questions. 2. PART ONE is to be answered in the TEAR-OFF ANSWER SHEET only, attached to the question paper, as per the instructions contained therein. PART ONE is NOT to be answered. http://www.informationbible.com/article-production-management-162122.html Wed, 01 Feb 2012 13:00:00 GMT Production management mcq paper and short and long question paper pattern http://www.informationbible.com/article-everything-you-tweet-can-and-will-be-used-against-you-in-a-court-of-law-162040.html Wed, 01 Feb 2012 13:00:00 GMT Prosecutors have subpoenaed the Twitter records of an Occupy Wall Street protester who was arrested in October during a mass protest on the Brooklyn Bridge. http://www.informationbible.com/article-decision-support-system-96791.html Fri, 12 Aug 2011 13:00:00 GMT Decision support system provides solution to the unstructured problem using system technique and models.